Interview Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inquiries Questions - Essay Example The inquiries addresses will be partitioned into five gatherings focusing on various informational index and they will include: 4. Do you feel that strict researchers and liberal arranged society individuals can get together for a typical reason? What might be the shared opinion that could bring these two distinctive situated social orders together? In what manner will this coordinated effort be useful in the improvement of the general public and what might be the conceivable result? Will this result be gainful? 12. Do you think your association is among the associations that could fill in as an intercession point among society and government? Assuming this is the case, in what way and on what issues would it be able to intervene and the cases that it has just interceded. 10. Do you imagine that the jump in innovation and media are helping the Saudi ladies in sharing her inclinations and contemplations to other ladies in the public arena? What different ways do you think exist that may permit Saudi ladies to be all the more effectively compelling in

Lost Boys Essay Research Paper Lost BoysPart free essay sample

Lost Boys Essay, Research Paper Lost Male childs Section 1 The book Lost Boys was composed by James Garbarino to demo individuals why there is such a great amount of power with our male childs and how a portion of this can and ought to be maintained a strategic distance from with a little love. This book explains to all the grounds why kid twist out the way they do and how it tends to be halted. In the past decennary it is realize that power has been very expansion in the enormous metropoliss and in littler towns as great indeed? the period from the 1980? s to the 1990? s when the youngster murder rate expansion by 168 % ? ( p.7 ) individuals in the end began to identify something was inaccurate. This high expansion of power with in male kid is because of the reality the male childs everyplace are furious doing them to be more fierce than ever previously. In the vast majority of these offenses the facts confirm that African Americans and Hispanic male childs are well on the way to be included, however a greater amount of this power is get bringing down to convey to the littler towns and influencing white children. Despite the fact that a group of guardians wear? t feel that any kind of shot could take topographic point where their children are, the open doors are truly elevated that there is a male kid at any school that is equipped for a shot. ? For all intents and purposes all guardians send their childs to class with kids who are abused abandoned overlooked or desert. ? ( p.ix ) Numerous individuals accept that the ground that one male youngster will go out and slaughter another male kid is just in light of the fact that? they were on medications or they were manhandled or even that they were just raised in a family unit of criminals? ( p.10 ) so they will be one each piece great. Every one of these things do hold an extraordinary centrality and do the chances of a male kid to go to offense, however the ground is actually a bunch further so that. There is a kind of link of levels that are outlined in the book taking up to a male kid fierce demise or in any event, going a sociopath. The beginning to this fierce demise and power Begins when the male kid just a little darling preeminent conceived. In the event that a darling is non indicated the best possible love or neer feels adored so there is a bond that the angel will lose while turning up. For situation when an angel is left unattended and yelling for a considerable length of time the child will procure increasingly irate and that will secure hid away inside, which in twist can close of a darling? s sole. As the child gets more established and very similar things keep on going on the male childs will turn angrier and harsh. Which so they need a way to coop with this choler and? power is a way for male childs to cover with those issues. ? ( p.46 ) They will other than make things, for example, ? consume medications, deal, gorge themselves on sex, fall in packs or cliques, and when no 1 is watching they will disguise in a corner and such there thumbs. ? ( p.158 ) The book other than goes on about things like child abuse and about a child? s virtues and how when a child is misuse or brought us up in families like previously portrayed so they really wear? Ts have any virtues to populate at that place life on. The last bit of the book clarifies why with this material can be halted. Religion was perhaps the greatest thing. ? Otherworldliness and love can make full in the openings left in the account of a male youngster? s life. ? ( p.155 ) The other thing was that childs simply require an association with do and fell cherished and that will help them be more end arranged. ? We can rescue our boies? by connecting them to positive qualities and connections. ? ( P.149 ) Section 2 Well since this book was totally composed by the Authors contemplations, everything that has just been composed was what he thought and were his considerations that he had gotten from going to various male youngster? s in jail and occurring out the stories of there lives. One of the huge things that the author enhanced was the point at which a male youngster needed to turn up with out a male parent it drives the? male youngster to be the grown-up male of the house. ? ( p.50 ) This idea of being a grown-up male leads the male kid to hold to be defensive and vicious. Other than with out a male parent? for what reason should a male youngster tune in to there mother, there non startled of her, ? ( p.57 ) so a male youngster? s female parent couldn? t stop the male youngster? s from making anything. Something else that the Author needed to underline upon was the way that regardless of whether a male kid is raised awful? so at any rate an educator in school could demo them some adoration and sympathy? ( p.74 ) thus at any rate the male kid will hold been given some adoration. In any event, being demo this little spot of affection can adjust a person. The last be thing the essayist thought was that by? cherishing punishment? ( p.87 ) a male youngster would larn better what was directly from off base and help them to be increasingly good in there life picks. Section 3 As I read this book I began encountering like these childs are simply grimy criminals and should all be killed, yet as I read I change my assumption. I took in a bunch regarding why a large number of these children wherever from 8 mature ages old to turn work powers at 35 mature ages old will execute individual or execute a fierce demonstration. The song out of this book really helped me hang on the various contemplations and connection of occasions that take topographic point in a kid life to take them to this life of offense. Subsequent to perusing this book I genuinely wear? t perceive how any one can pass judgment on a male kid for making the things he does when they have been raised with no adoration or with no male parent and a female parent who is neer about. There was an expressing in the book? who the snake pit would they say they are to take a human life? ? ( p.121 ) yet when they have been raised that way so they really wear? T realize what is correct or off base. ? Societies and social orders set various standers for the profound quality of slaughtering. ? ( p.123 ) Other than I like the way that the author finished the book with the approaches to prevent this more remote power with in male childs, yet there was something tragic that I understood: As all these male childs grow up they will just keep up holding childs and do something very similar to there childs that was done to them, etc. So incense this plague will neer stop or travel off.

The Bookstores That Inspired My Literary Career

The Bookstores That Inspired My Literary Career This is a guest post from  Amy Stewart.  Amy is the author of Girl Waits with Gun and six works of nonfiction, including the New York Times bestsellers The Drunken Botanist and Wicked Plants. She and her husband own Eureka Books in Eureka, CA. Find her at  www.amystewart.com. Follow her on Twitter @Amy_Stewart. ____________________ At each stop on my book tour, someone asks what inspired me to write my novel. I have a ready answer to that questionâ€"every author doesâ€"but as I travel around from one bookstore to another, I wonder why no one ever asks this instead:   What bookstore inspired you to write your novel? All of my most unlikely book ideas were born in independent bookstores. I imagine this is true for many authors. Do booksellers have any idea what they’ve instigated? Bookshop Santa Cruz was my weekend hangout when I was twenty-five and wishing I knew how to be a writer. I bought literary journals, poetry, novels, and gardening booksâ€"and somehow, out of that, came the idea that I could write a memoir about digging holes in the ground and putting plants in them. Once the book was underway, I was back, searching for essay collections and memoirs that might teach me something about how to actually write it. Later, I went looking for the reference section to find advice on agents and publishing. Mostly, though, I would just sit in an armchair, surrounded by all those books, and tell myself, “Other people write books. This is not impossible. There is room for one more book this world.” It’s your fault, Bookshop. I quit my day job because of you. Then look what happened: The Strand propelled me into a book on earthworms, by offering up an aged and antiquated edition of Charles Darwin’s classic work on worms, On the Formation of Vegetable Mould. It was Darwin’s weirdest and most charming book, featuring droll descriptions of the august scientist taking a flower pot filled with earthworms into his study to play piano for them. He was trying to test their sense of hearing, but I think he also just liked having an audience. I thought: If Darwin can write a book about playing piano for earthworms, and a bookstore in New York can still care about that book over a hundred years later, then maybe, just maybe, there’s a place for one more treatise on worms. Reasonable minds could disagree about that, but I wrote it anyway. Northtown Books, a feisty independent bookstore near my house in Humboldt County, CA, stocks an unusually diverse selection of books on illegal, immoral, and intoxicating plants, as befits our justifiably famous local marijuana crop. I stopped in one day with the germ of an idea about shocking and subversive plants, and walked out with every book they had on the subject.   By the end of the day I had a list of villainous trees, murderous shrubs, and hallucinogenic herbs. If you want to know how to kill somebody or get arrested with a plantâ€"well, now there’s a book about that, and Northtown bears the responsibility. And this book? My new novel, Girl Waits with Gun, was born at Powell’s. I’d already begun my research into the true story that inspired the book, but I still wasn’t sure exactly what to do with it. I happened to be living in Portland for two months for a teaching gig, and I spent hours at the Powell’s mothership on Burnside, trekking through the true crime section, into women’s history, and then on to labor movements and World War I and law enforcement, detouring through manuals on pigeon-keeping and vintage sewing machines and German cooking, andâ€"finallyâ€"into historical fiction and crime fiction. After wandering through all those sections, I looked through the stack of books I’d gathered up and thought, “Well, if all these ideas can exist under one roof, surely I can fit them all into one book. How hard could that be?” That’s all it took to make it possible to go home and start yet another impossible-sounding project. It’s your fault, bookstores, for stubbornly holding on, for reminding writers and would-be writers of the possibilities, and for keeping one slim space available on a shelf somewhere so that we can work up the nerve to fill it.

Intellectual Freedom During The 20th Century - 1923 Words

Intellectual Freedom in the Midst of Physical Bondage In the nineteenth century, mankind was inconsistent in using reason. Although there have been many enlightenment periods throughout the ages, mankind still begets the same mistakes. Racism was a major element in this time of history and it is still affecting the world. Unless the mind is free, the liberation of the body makes little difference. Frederick Douglass knew this all too well as he grew up as a slave. In his Narrative of The Life, he explains the development of his character and understanding of intellectual freedom. The intent of this paper is to explore the experiences that lead Douglass to understand the difference between physical and intellectual freedom. This is seen†¦show more content†¦At this point in history, slave owners would purposefully keep slaves from having formal education. They knew that the more ignorant the slaves were, the less they would fight back against the injustice taking place. Fred rick Douglass experienced great difficulties in identifying with his father, who as white. Rather, he identified with his Negro ancestry (Waldo 4). This thinking and the separation from his grandmother were critical to his comprehension of his enslavement (Waldo 6). Although Douglass had a basic understanding of what slavery was, it was not until this moment that he truly realized the gravity of the circumstance that he was in. This event and situation led to his increasing desire to be free (Waldo 6). Much of his thinking comes from his culture and social roots. He believed in a necessary relationship between a moral universe and the imperfect world of human events (Waldo 165). This thinking was rooted in a Christian reformist mindset. Everything now could be seen in the context of race, thus leading to a great need for social reform (Waldo 197). Douglass began to grow in sophistication as a public speaker, this brought out some great difficulties in the 1840’s. In the begin ning, he gave simple accounts of his life as a slave, but as he grew up in his thinking he sought to provide an analysis of slavery and the prejudices that he encountered (Finkenbine 1).Show MoreRelatedThe Change of the Rights and Freedoms of Australian Women over the Past 100 Years1015 Words   |  5 PagesChange of The Rights and Freedoms of Australian Women Over The Past 100 Years The progression of the rights and freedoms of women has changed drastically over the past 100 years. Women have felt the need to stand up for their rights and change the traditional stereotype of women from, weak and unambitious to strong and determined beings. There were two main time periods where their rights were recognized throughout Australia. The first took place in the early 20th century, where women rallied forRead MoreReflect Like Human Beings, A Civilization Will Talk To1409 Words   |  6 PagesBeckett’s play is an essential part of the experience. 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Although Japan still kept many traditional beliefs, it was the most modernized country in Asia at that time. Here, I will evaluate to what extent wasRead MoreThe Time Of The Butterflies And The Happenings Of Women Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Butterflies and the happenings of women in the Dominican Republic during the twentieth century. Throughout the history of the Dominican Republic in the 1900’s women were seen inferior to men. The stereotypical ideal existed that women were supposed to be housed and confined from society’s political aspects.The movie In the Time of the Butterflies and historical background of the article â€Å"Bourgeois Women in early 20th cent. Dom inican National Discourse† by Teresita Martinez Vergne,compare andRead MoreThe Value of Philosophy Essay754 Words   |  4 Pagestheir religious faiths with Greek and Roman philosophy. 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Conservatism was not extinct prior to the 1964 presidential electionRead More Womans Struggle For Independence Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pageshusband was there master and women we practically slaves and was often mistreated by there husband. A servant to the male sex. During the middle ages women still has almost no rights. They still didnt have the right to voice there opinion and were still viewed as property. If they disobeyed there male role model they were punished. The art of the Renaissance gave women some freedom to voice there opinion about the arts and social issues as long as there opinions werent very radical. However women wereRead MoreModernism And Its Impact On Society1347 Words   |  6 Pages Modernism Readings Introduction Modernism began in the late 19th century and early 20th century, characterized by a large-scale change in the appearances of western society. Modernism was characterized by innovations, new ideologies, and a sense of freedom from many traditional cultures. However, the era was also characterized by bottled up tension. People were uneasy with the social order, and it led to uproar and insurgency as the order of the day (Pucher, Akbarri and Denecke 43). The insurgencyRead MoreThe Nile River Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesand more recognizable one is the relationship between the local and the global in African-American history. Just as the White and Blue Niles come together to form the imperative Nile river, the U.S. based Civil Rights Movement and the struggle for freedom in colonial states across the world are two imperative parts of a struggle against oppression. The authors of the readings present the idea that the local and the global are two necessary parts of whole, filled with intertwining events and aspectsRead MoreEuropean Views On Non Europeans1324 Words   |  6 Pageswhen analyzed, it was shown that European’s views on non-European peoples and cultures reflected the intellectual changes of the period. Europeans learned to accept the non-Europeans mainly due to the Enlightened Absolutism that had occurred where enlightened absolute monarchs allowed freedom of speech, religious toleration, and right to hold property. Some causes that resulted in the intellectual change could’ve been the Europeans were influenced by the way a person lived/lifestyles of the non-Europeans

Essay on Eight Periods of Human Development - 429 Words

There are eight periods of human development that include, prenatal period, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. These eight periods make up the three major developmental periods; child, adolescent and adult development. The prenatal period takes place in the first two weeks of conception. Heredity and environmental influences (which are often negative) are also developed during this stage. At this stage the organism is more susceptible to these influences, than during any other period. Infancy is the next stage, various changes start to occur and attachments start to form. Coordination, sensory and motor skills start to develop, as well as the expression of†¦show more content†¦They form relationships with their peers, develop spoken vocabulary, and began to decipher between genders and their roles. Middle childhood is the development of personality, motivation, and inter-personal relationships. Growth at this stage is usually slowed until puberty is reached. Children at this age tend to learn by hands-on learning activities. The adolescent individuals begin to reach sexual maturity and established their identity as an adult. This period marks the transition in which individuals think and reason. They also start to encounter conflicts between their family and their peers. Finally, adulthood consists of early adulthood, middle adulthood and late adulthood. Early adulthood is a stage where individuals are physically in their best condition. Memory and thinking abilities are sharp, life decisions are made, and they take on roles of independence. Middle adulthood is when individuals start to reflect on their lives as a whole. Retirement planning and sadness over unaccomplished goals began to surface, during this particular stage. Some physical changes such as hearing and vision start to take place. 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He argued that the role of culture and society on a human was the most significantRead MoreHuman Development Paper854 Words   |  4 Pages Human Development James West PSY/280 September 26 2012 Robert Keele Human Development Human growth and development starts from the moment a child is conceived and continues until the day we die. There are many different stages of development all depending on the person’s beliefs on how we develop. All theories explain a specific growth and development for a specific time for an individual starting from birth to the time of their death. Not all the theories are agreed on becauseRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development884 Words   |  4 Pagestheory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. 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Microeconomics Market Structures Free Essays

According to the principles of microeconomics market structures can be identified as perfect competition, oligopoly or monopoly. In our society today and the way business is conducted, market structures are not strictly defined by on of these particular types. They can be composed of a mix of them. We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomics Market Structures or any similar topic only for you Order Now A market structure that has a higher level of competition can be more efficient than those that have lower levels of competition. We know this since lower competition increases the producer’s surplus; in return it decreases the consumer surplus. The loss in the consumer’s surplus is means it will be greater than the increase in the producer’s surplus. This leads to what we have learned as a deadweight loss. A perfect competitive market can also be thought as the most efficient form of market, where consumers are the most beneficial. Realistically it is difficult to identify and choose a perfect competitive market. Perfect competitive markets have the following characteristics: * No entry or exit barriers: These markets should have their structures set up with no entry or exit barriers. Simply meaning that new suppliers can invest in their company without any significant capitol or risk. They can also exit the industry without facing any significant loss. *Infinite buyers and sellers: the markets have unlimited or infinite amounts of producers that are willing to sell their products to an unlimited or infinite amount of buyers. This is to ensure that there is no supplier or buyer has a significant market share. This is to prevent others in the market from being able to determine the market price. Perfect Information: This is when all competitors in the market have to provide and share equal information among/between each other. Suppliers and buyers alike, go forward and profit from having full and complete information, just like the other suppliers and buyers in the markets. The above conditions benefit consumers as these firms develop and become price takers. The price of the product will be decided by the supply and demand. The equilibrium point is where the suppl y curve and demand curve intersect and establish the market price of the product. Therefore, in all aspects of business the price is equal to marginal cost. If we look at the short-term affects then there is the possibility for a firm to make a profit. However, this is not the traditional outcome and will quickly attract other firms in the industry. In turn it will elevate the level of supply demands. As a result of this increase, the products price will decrease. Simply meaning that in a perfect competitive market it is not feasible for a firm to profit in a long-term aspect. This doesn’t necessarily mean that a firm will not earn any profits. It means that the profit earned covers all the costs to produce the goods. This can include interest and liability. In turn, the long-term outcome for the firm in a perfect competitive market will earn a normal profit. The profit will always be significantly less then firms in a monopoly or oligopoly would earn. Capitalism is based on the principles of the free market. In free markets the supply and demand variables help determine the quantity of the goods produced along with its market price. There are many foreign countries and their firms that have tried to implement free markets but have not been very successful because there has never been that type of market in international transactions. This is because global trade and national trade are derived from the same principles. The foundation of international trade is the principle of comparative advantage. Each country has different sets of resources. These variables are different because some countries have large populations, which influence the labor pool, especially when some people have specific developed skills in a one industry. For example, if people in Antarctica wanted to drink coffee that would have to or import them since the climate is not conducive to growing it. If Antarctica decided not to use international trade, they would either have to go without coffee or grow it in an un-natural environment. The cost of growing and providing coffee would increase the market price. Instead since Antarctica participates in international trade, they have the ability to focus and provided coffee to its countries consumers. Simply meaning that countries that have comparative advantages get it from their products for which has the lowest opportunity cost. If these countries focus on products that create their comparative advantages then the total output would be greater for the consumers of the world than if each country tried to individually produce everything. The marginal cost or the cost of producing a new product usually cost less than the average cost of producing a good. This is because the additional production usually is achieved without making any substantial new investments. (V,Kumar, 2008). Globalization allows production to shift to the people and places that are in a position to produce the best products at the most competitive price (V,Kumar, 2008). When the total supply demanded is more, the consumers will benefit since the price will be lower. Simply meaning that in the absence of international trade, consumers around the world ended up having fewer suppliers who could provide the necessary good to produce their products and meet their demands. Ultimately letting the supplier controls the market and its price. If we consider an assignment we have earlier in this class, let us consider the automobile industry of the 1950’s and the present industry. In the 1950’s there were only three companies who produced and sold cars in the United States. Based on what we learned in this class it is defined as an oligopoly. The automobile industry was a highly profitable industry in the 1950’s. When international cars were imported in to the United States, they were competitively priced much lower than the cars produced on home soil, and the imported goods had better quality with more fuel efficiency. In turn consumers quickly shifted their interests and money to the imported vehicles. This caused local producers to be forced to lower their prices and improve their standards in order to stay competitive. International trade brought more options to consumers. It’s providing higher levels of competition and improved quality and efficiency. With free international trade, producers can provide and compete for customers across the world. Consumer surplus is defined as, â€Å"An economic measure of consumer satisfaction, which is calculated by analyzing the difference between what consumers are willing to pay for a good or service relative  to  its  market price. A consumer surplus occurs when the consumer is willing to pay more for a given product than  the current market price† (Investopedia: dictionary). When the number of suppliers in the industry increases it leads to higher levels of competition, and these market conditions found in a perfect competitive market end up being more profitable to consumers. Social cost are one of the variables that lack in all studies of economy however, as our society advances, so do social costs and this is reflecting in the markets. We have learned a lot about comparing the cost of a product and revenue generated from it In turn if we take into account the growing effect of social costs and the social benefits that can emerge from this trend. We cannot forget that there are also marginal social costs. The marginal social cost becomes greater with each additional thing that happens that is considered undesirable or also knows as un-anticipated cost activity. For example, an oil company that is drilling must extend its hours on Friday to reach the minimal amount of oil harvested. This will mean there will be a marginal cost for each additional hour the oilrig must operate to reach its quota. Marginal social cost would be the upward slope that shows the cost increasing with each additional output. Marginal benefits would be the opposite as marginal social cost with a downward slope. Environmental factors show the relationship connections between marginal social cost and marginal social benefit. Lets assume that all firms are constantly trying to reduce the level of pollution that they create. This is not an over night process and it does require a significant amount of capitol. This would affect the marginal benefit. Now on a different hand lets assume that a company has been cited for not following the regulations that govern company’s pollution control. This company is now required to get up to code. They are going to have to buy the new equipment that is required. This will inflate company’s costs and may affect the company’s ability to produce their products competitively. This could create many problems for the company but will ensure they are following required rules. Since it is for the good of society it means that the marginal social cost is beneficial than the marginal social benefit. Proving that marginal social cost and marginal social benefit lines cross where the two are equal. This class have class has taught many aspects and principles of microeconomics. It began with supply and demand and ended with marginal costs and benefits. All of the principles affect local and international firms, as well as consumers that are in both places. These studies will continue to evolve as business and society moves forward in the future. Work Cited * V,Kumar, VK. (2008, July 28). Globalization:who benefits from it. Retrieved from http://www. helium. com/items/398030-globalization-who-benefits-from-it * Investopedia: dictionary. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. investopedia. com/terms/c/consumer_surplus. asp How to cite Microeconomics Market Structures, Papers

Relationship Marketing and Customer Retention

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Marketing and Customer Retention. Answer: Introduction Morrison has been appeared to be a grand-market, which was introduced in UK. It was recognized as greatest series of huge market acquiring fourth position globally as compared to other reputed brands such as Asda, Sainsburys, and Tesco. This grand-market was established previously counting 100 years. Earlier than it was just a booth located in the market named as Bradford. Morrison was also recognized as the venture of family and has reached triumph throughout the longer period. Starting with a little booth till hypermarket, it reached till a phase of development and reached success. Currently, Morrison operates over 450 outlets globally and has appeared as the greatest food suppliers. William Morrison introduced the organization and thus it takes his name Morrison. Their chief firm is situated in Bradford, UK. Currently, Morrisons head is Andrew Higginson and David Potts is their CEO. In this firm, there prevails a custom arrangement, which is being followed by this firm and that is known to be a Market Street. Morrisons ventures atmosphere is considerable as it is completely different and unique from other rivals. The value proposition regarding the individual actually seems to be sort of business that would basically a marketing statement that would assist in defining the requirement of purchasing the product and service for the utmost benefits. It would aims and targeting the esteemed customer requirement. Morrison would require the value proportion as it would be assisting in rectifying the problem and support in accomplishing the requirements or goals. It would certainly require the value proportion to draw the distinction among the value that you provide and value they will be receiving from somewhere else. It would help in creating the value proposition by accepting the business that would be lending the product and thus occupying the fourth largest supermarket in United Kingdom. Moreover there are various different relationship concepts that would enhance the absolute value proposition of the innovative loyalty card that would be adopting by Morrison for gaining the profitable market sh are. Therefore, it would include the explained evaluation regarding the customer value chain that would be discussing in the discussed report. After reviewing the report, there would be appropriate solution to the discussed topic along with the examples. Relationship marketing and customer retention Methods to maintain customer by relationship marketing:- As considering methods, there exist really several forms, which can be implemented by a firm for maintaining their purchasers along with the assistance of relationship marketing. And the crucial concentration of relationship marketing is based upon the devotion of their clients as well as the extensive period connection of shoppers fairly than the petite period connection (Business Insider, 2015). Methods that can be implemented by the firm are: By locating clients outlooks The finest method to maintain the clients within a firm is to maintain the hope of the customers extremely than ever previously. By locating the anticipation previously assists in decreasing the doubt to the service level in which a firm can verify that their customers are satisfied. By appearing to be the professional It is also recognized to be other method by which clients can be maintained. Firms are relied upon the facilities to operate their functions. Rather, firms should become more skilled in their sector by which they can maintain their clients. Whether a firm appears to be more faithful advisor after routinely there exists client devotion that may surely decrease the clients mix. A firm would recognize the issues clients are dealing with for creating trust. Creating trusts by relationships In a firm, a good connection plays crucial role for maintaining the list of clients. Customers would belief their firm and then only they will attain success. A firm might also pay a lot of attention towards their customers and positivity with their connection to clients. Currently, competitiveness prevails in a huge manner in the market very conveniently offering the facilities for the client is inefficient, as they should too have to create shared feelings along with the customers for offering them good sense and acquiring back again. Through applying email business operation Firms should message their active clients just for one time in a period and should let them know regarding the latest facilities as well as the updates connected to the firm. By this method, the relationship among the firm and the client is maintained; and by this the client as well as the organization may experience values (Donald and Jennifer, 2004). Through initiating a blog It assists in creating a connection with the clients. As regarding to the blog, it consist a facility by which the firm can write or update their achievement every week basis. Clients can also provide their feedback and suggestion regarding the firm on such blogs by which a firm can view further to the issues of the clients they are dealing with, and by easily fixing all of them. Through this method, the clients experience values and they seek to maintain the same one in the firm. Through facilitating clients facility It is considered as the most effective method for maintaining clients is through the client is by augmenting the clients facility (Thomas, 2001). Generally every client leave their firm by the result of frustration with the facilities and for retaining the contentment between the facilities and clients should be augmented. Implementation of CRM model CRM structure is generally defining client connection administrative structure and consist several implementations in vast range of sectors. CRM model is effectively applied in hotel business. Hotels may result to struggle with several reputed names in the industry for retaining their position as well as to draw other clients towards them and the most crucial factor is to maintain their previous market. CRM assists in drawing the fresh clients as well as it also encourages contentment and devotion between clients. It can also assist in maintaining the clients and develop the ventures methods as well as the outcomes (Martin, 2015). CRM structure can be applied in medical fields also. This structure can also be implemented in medical centers and result to assist in developing the simplicity for the prices (Knox, 2003). Moreover, it also assists in the administrating the medical centers and also assist in the application the strategy of healthcare administration and sale campaign. This structure is helpful for the assessment of this firm because it assists in the reinforcing the concentration of the client and moreover assists to struggle further well along with erstwhile rivals. CRM structure also assisted this firm in fine consideration of the clients and moreover the preference of the clients, their choices as well as the purchasing pattern of every human being. Further, applying this structure for the assessment Morrison can also be capable to decrease the price of the gaining regarding the clients, great development in the client facilities. Most significantly, there will surely be client maintenance and thus devotion of the client regarding the firm also gets augmented. Benefits also appears to be developed and there exist apparent recognition regarding the beneficial clients as well as the customer outcomes. There also exist resemblance among the client maintenance as well as the industrial connection as every ways assist in maintaining the clients. Industrial connection assists the venture in containing the lengthier period connection with the clients by offering them the finest facilities, hence the client can be devoted to the venture and maintains regarding the venture maintenance also gets raised. Also their wishes fulfilled by the firm or the ventures easily satisfy the client maintenance, the client. Idic Model For evaluating the study regarding the connection mediators, the firm recognizes several constructs with identical explanations, which functions beneath various assumed name and creates with identical names. Rogers and Peppers developed IDIC model. This structure describes that a firm should always approach four methods for retaining their customers and keeping the lengthy period connection along with the clients. Four activities which should be implemented can really be customized, interacted, differentiated, and recognized. In a firm, for creating client value by supervised connections as well as finest approaches client experiences, the firm should recognize clients, segment them, relate with them, as well as modify few features of their characteristics regarding them. Assessment of client connection administration method: Assessment of Morrisons Morrisons is generally a hypermarket firm, which is located in the UK. The basic nucleus positive point of this firm is which it offers new products over the nation containing extremely great excellence (Buttle, 2004). The method Morrison encourages their newest advancement; clients appears to be greatly know regarding the food quality as well as the atmospheric apprehensions. Due to the huge supervision on their contribution series it offers making it more spirited benefit in the industry. Morrison applies several various features to separate themselves from other rivals. Individual among them is the client facility. In this form a firm can segment themselves from other rivals. This firm approaches easy facility plans by offering the finest client facility and Morrison basically encourages their executives in the atmosphere themselves along with other rivals just for the contending the industrial share. This firm provides the finest goods and facilities along with the assistance of Industrial Street and therefore there exist huge client maintenance. Furthermore other firm lacks to execute in a proper manner. This firm also spend during the entrepreneurship as well as growth plans regarding the executives and resulting to offer excellent class client facility produced that might draw great number of clients. Hence, clients of Morrison are pleased by getting the facilities they get. Morrison also comprised their rivals Lidli and Aldi regarding the cost comparing deals. Inbond Lojistics Morrison would be following the vertical integrated chain value that would occupy the number of abattoirs, bakeries and various pack houses of the vegetable and fruits. There would be benefit that represents the manufacturing facilities of Morrison which was in close proximity toward the distributor center even allowing the reduction of foods miles and reducing the cost as well. The advantage of such would be offering to the customer for meeting the utmost benefits and advantages that would meet the target expectation of the group and would be including the high perceived value therefore the customer would stay back in the company for long term. It is in general explaining the fact that it would synchronize the detailed firms and the method that would be imply in the tedious operation, moreover explaining to more easy it is a business sense that would be logistic that means involves the logics and the flow of management system in order to acquire the defined goals in the midst of sta rting point and consumption or destination end for meeting the expectation and need of customer regarding the corporation. The facility tradition can be appear to be prevailing in a firm only when a facility based and clients interest emerges as the most significant rule in the form. Several organizations have maintained the aims of being client-oriented, rather some tend to consist extremely instilled the tradition in the firm for making it to emerge it as the essential part of company. The corporate tradition is the group of basic standards and values contributed by the internal atmosphere of the firm. In general language, it can easily be explained that the internal atmosphere within the firm is totally dependent on the inbound values of customers. Operations Morrison would be meeting the expectation and demands of the customers as rapidly being available and would be reacting as per their requirement to reach the appropriate objective. The process would be increasing the efficiency of the company in order to attain the great position in the cut-throat competition. They would be only focusing on the requirement that customer requires for better benefit of sales demand. They would make and transport product which would be in demand. The product would be fresh with the minimum amount of wastage. Morrison even facilitates the farmers by acquiring the fresh milk from them. It would be great advantage that would aim in the cost-saving and freshness that has been enclosed in their product. The proper execution would be playing a deliberate role in getting the optimum result and thus simultaneously reducing the risk of failure with utmost secure system Outbond Logistics There would be quick delivery of product from the source of warehouse to shops and even from the growers to the shop. There would be more than 15 million matters of facts that has been discussed in the given case study and would foster the need of improvement to attain the great position. When there is a comparison among the other competitor, the distribution armada in excess of 700 tractors which is extremely speedy turnaround time in midst of placing and delivering the product. This Company would be reducing the carbon footprint by cutting the distance of travelling, Marketing and sales There is a high profile advertising campaign that Morrison have highlighting the high profile advertising campaign and would promote the social responsibility along with the use of charities that would be sponsoring, (Smith, 2011). With the sales demand, there would be an opportunity to explore the reach and delivering the significant role for attaining the great level of customer satisfaction. The marketing and sales are the two prospects that would be aiming at market and method to accomplish the position in the cut throat competition by delivering the great value to the customer with the advancing tools and proper planning strategy. Firm Infrastructure Morrison would be supporting entire stakeholder that would be including in the company, the top most priority of Morrison is corporate responsibility. The infrastructure would be supportive in making the environment a pleasing place through which you can deliver great value to the organization and help in accelerating the demand to be motivated toward the work. Value proposition differs from company to company and from product to product. There are many ways of relationship marketing concepts that can be applied to increase the value which would include digital marketing and physical marketing that would involves a large number of customer and understanding the need to significantly demonstrate the role and responsibility. Proposition of Morrison. The rewards and the value would be giving to customer should be of the great value through there is a strong membership through which the customer would be attracted by company. The advantages which would be offering to the customer for meeting the utmost benefits and advantages that would meet the target expectation of the group and would be including the high perceived value therefore the customer would stay back in the company for long term. If the customer is not satisfied with the customer and with the requirement to draw the reference through the case study. There would be several terms that has been incorporated in the following factors:- To expand and enhance the value proportions Morrison has considered some trustworthiness cards for making sure that customer feel the encouraged and shop from their several stores. There has to be an appropriate selection of reimbursement. There would be advantages that are of two types and would be able to establish the long term relationship. The process would involve the ways that would be moving toward the customer acquisition to the individual, the customer retention and the development would be toward the customer. On the other hand the structure would include the factor regarding the performance of employee and managing it to be having a great customer relationship with customer. According to the case study Morrison has followed CRM value chain model in their business environment and have adopt all the approaches and take of the requirements and opportunity of the purchaser. This business even completed loyalty cards so that to be a focus for many customers. For attaining the great level of customer satisfaction there would be proposed study and understanding the factor that would aim to work with utmost consideration and deliberation to accomplish the goal. Conclusion With the completion of task 2 regarding the supermarket company Morrision have been conversed in detail. In the discussed report, the value chain of customer along with the value proposition of company that has been explaining in customer value chain method for describing the environment of the company. With the help of CVC model the 5 primary stages in relation to customer would be outlining by the author Buttle which would offer the clarification of vital is to have the relationship with the customer that would be generating the greatest value to the company. Morrison also makes use of several relationships that would be supporting the total value of proposition. There are certain ways which would be adopting by Company for enhancing the value proposition and thus report clearly describes the model that would be to define the culture and concept along with environment that would be associating with the Morrison. This would be solution to the proposed and discussed questions. Recommendation Morrison should try ornament ling the market share with the help of conventional stores. Morrison need to give proper consideration that would help in increasing the stakeholder number and would be more competitive advantage in the market. The Diversification of product length is supposed to be there as this will assist in pull towards you the numeral of customers of dissimilar groups. There should be proper price proposition regarding the product would have proper focus to meet the requirement. With the escalating international market, Morrisons should get bigger their business in additional countries as well this will lend a hand in cultivate their business References Morrison, Alastair M.; Taylor, Stephen; Morrison, Alison J.; Morrison, Allison D. (1999) Cognizant Communication Corporation. Information Technology Tourism, Volume 2, Number 2, pp. 97-113(17) Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships. American Marketing Association. F. Robert Dwyer, Paul H. Schurr, Sejo Oh(Apr., 1987). The Journal of Marketing, Vol. 51, No. 2 11-27 East versus West: A comparison of online destination marketing in China and t... Ruomei Feng; Alastair M Morrison (Dec 2003); Joseph A Ismail Journal of Vacation Marketing; 10, 1; ABI/INFORM Global pg. 43 Buttle, F. (2004). Customer relationship management: concepts and tools. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Thomas, J. S. (2001). A Methodology for Linking Customer Acquisition to Customer Retention, Donald, R. L. and Jennifer, A. S. (2004). Valuing Customers, Journal of Marketing Research 41(1) 718. Martin, (2015). Better Targeting your Customers with CRM Value Chain Model. [Online] Cleverism. Available at: https://www.cleverism.com/crm-value-chain-model-better-targeting - customers/. [Accessed on: 07/03/17]. Business Insider, (2015). Here's a way retailers can grow customer loyalty. [Online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Heres-a-way-retailers-can-grow-customer-loyalty/articleshow/47531243.cms. [Accessed on: 07/03/17]. Pepper, D. and Rogers, M. (2004). The IDIC Methodology. [Online]. Available at: https://wikimemoires.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/IDIC-Methodology.jpg. [Accessed on:07/03/17]. Walsh, S., Gilmore, A. and Carson, D. (2004), Managing and implementing simultaneous transaction and relationship marketing, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 22 No. 7, pp. 468-483. Sweeney, A. and Morrison, M. (2004), Clicks vs. Bricks: Internet-facilitated relationships in Financial Services, International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, Vol. 1 No. 4, pp. 350-370. Stauss, B., Schmidt, M. and Schoeler, A. (2005), Customer frustration in loyalty programs, International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol. 16 No. 3, pp. 229-252. Reinartz, W.J. and Kumar, V. (2003), The Impact of Customer Relationship Characteristics on Profitable Lifetime Duration, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 67 No. 1, pp. 77-99. Buttle, F. (2000). Gartners CRM Model. [Online] Academia. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228396256. Greasley, A. (2009). Operations management, 2nd edition, Wiley. United Kingdom. Buttle, F. (2009). Customer Relationship Management, Concept and Technologies, New York, Routledg. Bolton, Ruth N. (1998), A Dynamic Model of the Duration of the Customer's Relationship with a Continuous Service Provider: The Role of Satisfaction, Marketing Science Piccoli, Gabriele and L. Applegate (2003), "Wyndham International: Fostering High-Touch with High-Tech" Bottomley, P. P. and Holden, S. (2009). Do we really know how consumers evaluate brand Extensions Journal of Marketing Research, 38, 494 50. Ingram, D. (2013). Outbound Vs. Inbound Logistics. [Online] Chron. Available from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/outbound-vs-inbound-logistics-77016.html. Baziotopoulos (2008). "An Investigation of Logistics Outsourcing Practices in the Greek Manufacturing Sector". PhD thesis. McGinnis M. A., Military Logistics: Insights for Business Logistics, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management Mallik, Susan (2010). "Customer Service in Supply Chain Management". Misra, M.I. Kahn, U.K. Singh, Supply Chain Management Systems: Architecture, Design and Vision, North American Business Press 2010 Boxx, R. (2015). The Challenge of Retaining Customers. [Online] CBMC international. Available https://www.cbmcint.com/the-challenge-of-retaining-customers Smith, PR. And Zook, Ze. (2011). Marketing Communications, Integrating Offline and Online With Social Media. London. Kogan Page.

Things Fall Apart Essays (1849 words) - Postcolonial Literature

Things Fall Apart The Ibo society in Africa is very different from the American society that I am used to. One of the major differences is the way women are treated. On page 37 of Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, Okonkwo conveys that ?no matter how prosperous a man was, if he was unable to rule his women and children (and especially his women) he was not really a man.? On page 94 Okonkwo's uncle says ?we all know that a man is the head of the family and his wives do his bidding.? This shows us that women in the Ibo society are considered subservient to the men of the society and are sometimes mistreated, however they are still very important to society. This is evident in many other places throughout the book Things Fall Apart. The way women are referred to in the book tells about their social standing as well. Many times women are referred to by their relationship to a man. There are many references to ?Nyowe's mother? and? Okonkwo's first wife,? but Ekwefi is seldom called by her name. The same goes with ?the wife of Ogbuefi Udo? who was murdered by the members of another African village near Umofia. In the first chapter of the book we see how women are expected to do what their husbands say with no questions asked. When Ikemefuna comes to Umofia and is put under Okonkwo's care he (Okonkwo) immediately calls for his first wife and says ?look after him,? when she asks a question regarding the boy, Okonkwo says ?do what you are told woman? to which his first wife responds by taking Ikemefuna into her hut, asking no more questions. The only two women who are consistently referred to by their name throughout the book are Ezinma and Chielo. That is because Ezinma is very special to her father, Okonkwo, and Chielo is the priestess of the oracle. On pages 122 and 123, Okonkwo thinks to himself that Ezinma is special because ?of all his children she alone understood his every mood.? On many occasions throughout the book, Okonkwo says, ?I wish she were a boy.? Sons are more respected in the Ibo society than daughters. There is a special bond between Ezinma and Okonkwo because, according to him, she has the ?right spirit.? When Ekwefi wakes Okonkwo up in the middle of the night, he is upset because he doesn't want to be bothered, but when he finds out that it is because Ezinma is dying, he springs up from bed and rushes out to get her some medicine. This shows that daughters are not without value in the Ibo society. Ezinma is special not only to her father, but to her mother as well. I think it is because Ekwefi had nine miscarriages before she had Ezinma and since the girl was considered an obanje, Ekwefi was extremely happy when her iyi-uwa was found so she would no longer die and be reborn in a horrible cycle. Although Okonkwo looks down on showing emotions (or weakness as he considers it) he is quick to follow his wife when she follows Chielo and Ezinma to the shrine of the oracle, and he tells her to go home and rest and he will wait for them to come out of the cave. The next morning he makes four trips to and from that same spot worried about Ezinma (although he is too proud to admit it). Chielo is well respected and feared throughout the village of Umofia because she holds a religious position that is very important to all members of the Ibo society. As the priestess of the oracle, the entire village depends upon her to relay messages of the gods and to do their (the gods) bidding. An example of this is when she takes Ezinma in the middle of the night out to the cave where the oracle lives, despite Ezinma's parents protest. Although women are somewhat looked down upon they are also portrayed as brave and important to their society, they are trusted with responsibilities, such as gathering firewood, cooking, cleaning, and child rearing. Women weed the farms three times during the growing season of the yams. They also

Principle of Equality before the Law in Nigerian Government and Politics

Principle of Equality before the Law in Nigerian Government and Politics Free Online Research Papers The application of the rule of law is the principle that governmental authority is legitimately exercised only in accordance with written, publicly disclosed laws adopted and enforced in accordance with established procedural steps that are referred to as due process. The principle of the rule of law is intended to be a safeguard against arbitrary governance, whether by a totalitarian leader or democratic leader. Samuel Rutherford was one of the first modern authors to give the principle theoretical foundations, in Lex, Rex (1644), and later Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws (1748). In his Law of the Constitution, Dicey identified three principles which together establish the rule of law: (1) the absolute supremacy or predominance of regular law as opposed to the influence of arbitrary power; (2) equality before the law or the equal subjection of all classes to the ordinary law of the land administered by the ordinary courts; and (3) the law of the constitution is a consequence of the rights of individuals as defined and enforced by the courts. This is the fundamental rules governing the conduct of government business. The emphasis here is on the principle of equality before the law. Every citizen – irrespective of educational qualification, social status, position, gender, religion, and age is expected to be treated equally in the event of breach of the law of the land. For example, if the president c of Nigeria stole a Goat, and an ordinary man on the street stole a Goat, the duo should receive similar punishment for the offence. In fact, the president should receive a more severe punishment their economic status and social placement. Many Americans might have been involved in raping unnoticed. But when the former American president, Bill Clinton was alleged of sexual harassment in the famous Monica Lewinsky saga, he was called for open interrogation and defense. This scenario is literally impossible in Nigeria. Here, contracts are awarded after close door ‘meetings’ in Sheraton Hotel, Bolingo Hotel, Hotel Presidential, or any other popular hotel in town. The same mess takes place in our institutions of higher learning where passing an examination is a function of meeting-up with the sexual and/or financial desire of lectures both male and female alike. In Nigeria, the atrocities of the leaders are covered by presidential and parliamentary immunities while the common man on the street is exposed to untold harassment in the name of law enforcement. Equality before the law has been and will remain illusory in Nigeria. It is in Nigeria that governance is to the interest of few individuals and to the detriment of the ever-increasing mass of greatly impoverished, oppressed and depressed people. It is a point that has caused and will continue to cause mass exodus of people in search of greener aperture hence aggravating brain drain in the country. Some people are living as second class citizen in there country. Recently, I was traveling from Abuja to Lokoja and a man frankly told me that he prefers being a slave in somebody’s country that being a slave in his own country. That is the thinking of many Nigerians because of the ever-increasing misery and deprivation. When some people are sacred cows and others suffer for their mischief, the inevitable consequence may be the accelerating spate of armed rubbery and organized crime. For instance, an administration that introduced the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), and the Independent Corrupt Practices and other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) shouldn’t have been enmeshed in a deep rooted crisis of $16 billion power sector scandal. But my worry with Nigeria and Nigerians is that such fellow will still escape the eagle eye of both the legislators, executives and even those ‘crime fighting institutions’. Somebody may ask why? Well you can answer the question yourself. What has happened to the likes of General Ibrahim Babangida, General Abdulsalami Abubakar and a whole lot of others that looted our treasury and send Nigeria to the comity of Highly Indebted Poor Countries of the World (HIPC). The truth is that Nigeria is not poor but has been impoverished by it l eaders. That reminds me of the comment made by Professor C. Achebe as far back as the 80s that the problem of Nigeria is the â€Å"problem of leadership.† The trial of Ministers involved in the sharing of N300 million is another trying period for Nigeria the Lawmakers and other stakeholders who partook in this unholy act should be brought to book as well. This is an onerous task of the administration of President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua. I do hope that fairness, due process, accountability, respect for the rule of law will be vigorously pursued. The enforcement of the principle of equality before the law through an expression of dogged political will is expedient of a stable political system. We believed that as the present administration musters the desire political will and commitment, the whole notion of sacred cow which has hitherto privilege some few individuals above the avalanche greatly impoverished people will be drastically reduced. The declarations of President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua and his action hitherto have clearly proved that there is hope for Nigeria and Nigerians. PETER, Abraham, Ojoarome2003@yahoo.com, Nsukka, Nigeria. Research Papers on Principle of Equality before the Law in Nigerian Government and PoliticsUnreasonable Searches and Seizures19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Capital structure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Capital structure - Research Paper Example ure of an organization; however, the uptake of debt has several implications to a business, first, debt leads to an organization having to increase the business risk. The enterprise’s business risk goes up due to its high contribution to the enterprise, in this case, the high contribution of debt such as in option one leads to the debt holders having a high control of the enterprise. As a result, the organization or investment becomes vulnerable for takeover, if the business does not meet the interest payments, as goes into bankruptcy. Secondly, reduces the stake of the enterprise shareholders in that they have to work on servicing the debt at the expense of making profits, which a business’s prime objective(Martin & Baker, 2013). In the consideration of debt options, it is important to consider the debt period, in most cases, long-range debts are highly favorable since the organization utilizes the funds for a long period before repaying the sum value of the bond. Hence, the organization is able to enjoy a return on the investment and even re-invest the excess funds or paid dividends to equity and other shareholders in the business. Short time range bonds such as option three, four and five negatively affects business shareholders, this is because, the business is forced to source for funds and pay the creditors irrespective of whether it has generated profits or not, the bottom line is that the business has a responsibility to repay the funds within the agreed period. Given the long-term nature of projects, the funding requirement leads to complications, as the return may not be realized in good time to pay the sum value as per that date. When this situation arises, the business becomes ripe for takeover according to the provisions of business law. In the light of these, careful considerations have to be made before the business can settle on certain kinds of financing and the activities upon which funding is needed. Careful evaluation can give the

Motivation In The Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Motivation In The Workplace - Essay Example For managers to set effective motivation strategies, they need to understand that they cannot make the employees do anything. What they can do is to create the right settings that will motivate the workers. Motivated workforces are more productive since motivation infuses positive energy into the organizational tasks. Motivation is applicable to the open-system perspectives, the organizational learning perspectives; the high-performance work practices perspectives, and the stakeholder perspectives. The high-performance work practices perspective Workplace motivation is a very complex issue to many managers since the system of motivation is not constant, but it alters. The workforces’ motivation can be looked in two perspectives, which includes the internal and external motivators (Stein 2007). All the motivators are the practices, which can lead to high performances in a corporate. Some of the motivators entail the positive reinforcement, right ways to discipline the workers, fair treatment, workers’ needs satisfaction, setting of goals, restructuring jobs, and setting the best reward systems (Stein 2007). Fair treatment The leaders of organizations should ensure that all individuals are treated fairly and equally. Fair treatment will motivate employees to partake actively in the work place tasks, and this augments their performance (Podmoroff 2005). Fair treatment augments cooperation, which increases the outputs too. If the managers treat the workers fairly, it will increase their loyalty to the organization. Workers loyalty is very vital in any firm since it makes the workers committed to their tasks. For example, an organization is fair when an employer asks for a special consideration and he, or she is denied because another employee was denied some times back. In addition, fairness in a firm can be shown when an employee who always comes to work on time daily, is not treated the same as the one who comes to work when late every day (Podmoroff 2005). Setting organizational goals In all companies, the leaders should sett goal so that the performance of the workforce is escalated. The goals are v ital since the workers will know what they need to produce and this can make them to devise new ways of production. Goals are effective in raising performance especially if they are difficult but easy to attain. Too difficult goals can demoralize the employees and this can make the performances suffer. In order to ensure that the workers are motivated by the goals and to increase their commitment, the managers should ensure that the workforces accept the goals. Goal setting is a useful way of motivating employees because the workers will work towards the set goals in a motivated way. For goal setting to be effective in motivating the workforce, the leaders should ensure that they regularly give feedbacks regarding the achievements. This is vital since the workers will be convinced that the goals they set are practicable. Additionally, the goals should be very specific and not vague or too general. For those workers who have realized their set goals, they should be recognized by rewa rding them to further motivate them. The realization of goals implies that the workers’ performances have increased (Salvendy 2012, p.413). Positive reinforcement Positive reinforcement is the way a firm strengthens the desirable behaviours by rewarding them. If the corporate leaders praise the workforce for behaving in certain ways, there are high chances the workers will continue behaving in the same ways so that they can get more praises. Positive reinforcement is vital in increasing the firm’s performance. If behaving in certain ways can make the organization realize its goals faster, the leaders of

Consumers decisions: Product attributes and branding

Consumers decisions: Product attributes and branding In this research, instant coffee purchasing is selected to study the buying decision of consumers. Three blind taste tests are experimented and proofing that participant tended to choose the popular brand of coffee. Surprisingly, people made different choices in each of the test. The result tells us that without knowing the brand name, their buying decisions are different when comparing with knowing the brand name. In conclusion, brand has a strong influence in consumers decisions. To better understand the blind taste tests, we executed a questionnaire survey immediately. As a result, the survey tells us taste is the most important factor in affecting their buying decisions whereas their second consideration would be price, brand, and influenced by advertisement. This giving an idea that except for the brand and taste, there are many factors should affecting the consumers buying decision. Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Literature Review 2 2.1. Brand name 2 2.2. Brand Image 4 2.3. Linking brands to consumer perceptions of product 5 2.4. Consumer buying behavior and decision making 6 2.5. Customer satisfaction and loyalty 9 2.6. Product attributes 10 3. Research Methodology 12 3.1. Pilot study 15 4. Findings and discussions 16 4.1. Participants 16 4.2. Relationship of brand, taste and decision 17 4.3. Post-tests evaluation 20 4.4. Buying behavior 23 4.5. Discussions 26 5. Conclusion 28 5.1. Recommendations 28 5.2. Conclusion 29 6. References 30 7. Appendix 33 7.1. Annex: The Blind Test and Questionnaire 33 Lists of Tables and Diagrams Table 4.1 Years of being Nescafe supporters 16 Table 4.2 The participants preference of instant coffee in Test A 17 Table 4.3 The participants preference of instant coffee in Test B 18 Table 4.4 The participants preference of instant coffee in Test C 19 Table 4.5 The No. of people continuing to purchase Nescafe coffee after trying the blind taste tests 20 Table 4.6 The recommendation of coffee to friends after trying the blind taste tests 21 Table 4.7 Satisfaction of Nescafe before the blind taste tests 22 Table 4.8 Satisfaction of Nescafe after the blind taste tests 23 Table 4.9 The factors affecting consumers buying decision of instant coffee 24 Keywords Branding, Brand image, Brand equity, Consumer buying behavior, Consumer buying decision, Customer satisfaction and loyalty, Product attributes Introduction Over the past few decades, a considerable number of studies have been made on the relationship of branding and consumer buying behavior (Fournier, 1994; Keon, 1983), i.e. how the consumer buying behavior affected by branding. Many companies devote lots of money and manpower to build up images for their brands. That is the reason why many studies have focused on this field. In this research will be figured out which factor, brand name or product attributes, plays a critical role in affecting consumer buying decision. In the economists normal approach, price is used as the main tool to explain the consumer buying behavior (Becker, 1996). We carry out blind taste tests and also conduct a questionnaire to find out the impact of branding on consumers preferences. . Literature Review This literature review is going to analysis what has been done in investigating the relationship among brand, consumer buying decision and product attributes. Such information will be digested and modified to be applied to instant coffee purchasing in the Hong Kong market. Brand name In recognition of the growing coffee culture that is sweeping Hong Kong, different tastes of coffee have been rolled out on the market. For example, Nescafe has newly released a new series of coffee Latte in which the image is totally different from the original Nescafe coffee. Old Town coffee has introduced a new series called white coffee. Why do they give new brand names for the new products? Why do they have different images? Is there any advantage for them to do so? According to Armstrong and Kotler (1999), brands can be described as a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of these, which identifies the maker or seller of a product or service. Later, Olins (2000) gives a supplement to the definition of brand. He suggests that brand is a device that helps differentiating products from different sellers, without clear branding, in some fields, we literally could not tell one product or service from another. By using brand names, consumers can easily distinguish products from different sellers. Brand Image In the words of Keller (1998), marketers can build up an image for the product to draw customers attention so as to induce more sales (Keller, 1998). Randall (1997) says Brand image is the whole image of the brand existing in the minds of consumers. It is the total information that the consumers have received about the brand. Some scholars think that the brand image can influence consumers buying decisions. Furthermore, Ogilvy (1983) suggests that consumers do not buy products; rather they buy products with a personality. Ogilvy (1983) also suggests the fact that a brand can have a personality or image reflecting that people not only want the basic function offered by the product, but also psychological benefits. If a brand image matches with an individuals image, he/she will purchase that product and may stick to that brand in future (brand loyalty) (Levine, 2003). From the above statements, it seems that consumers are concerned more about the brand image rather than product attribu tes. In the research, we will use the product of instant coffee to test the validity of the above statements. After reviewing the sections of 2.1 and 2.2, we can say that there is an intimate relationship among brand name, brand image and the consumers. Linking brands to consumer perceptions of product In the research, we will investigate how consumers make buying decisions. Perception of a product is crucial in making the buying decision; therefore, it is necessary to find the linkage between brand and consumer perceptions. Olins (2000) suggests that people can have a relationship with a brand: they have an immense emotional content and inspire loyalty beyond reason. Besides, Keller (1998) suggests that what distinguishes a brand from its unbranded commodity is the sum of consumers perceptions and feelings about the products attributes and performance, brand name and what it stands for and the company associated with the brand. In the past, there were only a few instant coffee brands available in the market. In recent yeas, a lot of new instant coffee brands appear in the market, such as Indocafe and Old Town coffee. The traditional branding strategy which has emphasized on product offerings and associated functional and utilitarian benefits is no longer workable in the market. People are now paying more attention to the brand (Levine, 2003). Therefore, it is no wonder many companies create a strong and distinctive brand image for their products so as to differentiate himself from other competitors (Keller, 1998). Advertising is widely used by the companies to build up a brand image. In Hong Kong, many coffee brands have been advertised on TV and in magazine, such as Maxwell house, Nescafe and Mr. Brown. Most studies have found that there are inter-relationships among brand, advertisement and consumers buying decisions (MacKenzie et al., 1986). Besides, that the affective and cognitive-based attitudes towar ds the brand can affect the consumers buying decisions (Homer et al., 1992). Advertising is the primary device used to build the image of a brand and most of the customers usually rely on advertising messages when they make an infrequent purchase for an unfamiliar product (Dowling, 2001).Well-established brands attract increased preference and usage (East, 1997), produce greater emotional ties (Biel, 1993), and boost trust and loyalty (Fournier, 1994). If the statement is true, it indicates that customers perception of products derive from marketing effort such as brand images and brand differentiation in addition to the physical characteristics of the product. What about the product quality? Can product quality influence the perception of product? Consumer buying behavior and decision making In our study, consumer buying decision is our key focus. We will focus on how the consumers make their buying decisions in purchasing instant coffee. We want to know which factors, brand or product attributes, influences most in the process of buying decision making of consumers. Therefore, we must understand the consumer buying behavior and how they make the buying decisions. In the past, consumers were more concerned with a products function- efficiency, reliability, value-for-money, durability and convenience todays customers are prepared to pay more for a stylish product as they become more affluent and visually sophisticated (Henley Centre, 1989). It is no wonder companies put much effort on packaging, product design and advertising. In the words of Bayley (1989), the ambience, the layers of imagery, the texture, the decoding- all of these are vested interests leading to the only rationale: a purchase. Consumer buying behavior refers to the buying behavior of final consumers, individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal consumption (Armstrong et al., 1999). Consumers have to make decisions when there is more than one choice. However, how do the consumers make their buying decisions? Foxall (1980) suggests that consumers will make the buying decisions according to perception, personality, motivation and attitudes. He says that consumer behavior is a process of learning and it depends on how you perceive the product. The process is modified according to the customers past experience and the objectives he or she has set (Foxall, 1980). Besides, Foxall (1980) also suggests that consumers personality and self-image is important in studying consumer buying decision as he believes that consumers only choose products that are consistent with their perceptions of themselves. By using Foxalls (1980) idea, it is not difficult to understand the relationship between brand and consumer buying decision. Once the brand image and consumers image is matched, consumer will purchase that product. Besides, Foxall (1980) also claimed that consumer buying decision is motivated by something more than awareness. It depends on the consumers needs and drives, his tastes and aspirations, plus his attitudes, personality and social environment (Foxall, 1980). Furthermore, Foxall (1980) says that attitudes and buying decision are related and each may influence the other, however, they are not always entirely consistent. Customer satisfaction and loyalty Although our key focus of the research is how the consumers make buying decisions in purchasing coffee, customer satisfaction will also be investigated. In our study, satisfaction refers to the situation when consumers expectations are matched by perceived performance (Blackwell et al., 2001). After purchasing a product, consumers will have a post-purchase evaluation (Foxall, 1980). Consumers will continue to purchase the product if they are satisfied with it. It is called loyalty. Sometimes, they may recommend it to their relatives and friends. In the research, the blind tests will be used to find out how the consumers perceive the product, that is, to see if consumers can recognize the taste of the brand that they have chosen. Previous study has found that customer satisfaction has a positive effect on loyalty and they will repurchase the product again (Oliver, 1997; Mittal et al., 2001). If the consumers are satisfied with the taste of coffee in the blind tests but it is not the brand the consumers used to buy, we can say that brand influences consumers much and the consumers only loyal to the brand but not the product itself. Product attributes According to Armstrong and Kotler (1999), product attributes can be defined as something that can deliver the benefits offered by the product and can add value to the customers. In the words of Keller (1998), product attributes are the ingredients necessary for performing the product or service function sought by consumers. They refer to a products physical composition and are what determine the nature and level of product performance (Keller, 1998). It can be further characterized according to important and optional features, either necessary for a product to work or for allowing customization and more versatile personalized usage (Keller, 1998). In the research, we will focus on the study of instant coffee and we will regard taste as the most important attributes of coffee. Some studies have carried out in which consumers perceive the products they buy and the brands they regularly choose. Taste is used to determine the effect of brand identification on consumers reactions to and evaluations of products (Allison Uhl, 1964; Makens, 1961). The studies conclude that Participants in general did not appear to be able to discern the taste differences among the various brands, but apparently labels and their associations did influence their evaluations. To sum up the literature review, many studies (Allison Uhl, 1964; Keon, 1983; Makens, 1961) have shown that consumers are influenced by branding. However, to what extent will the consumers make their buying decisions according to product attributes? The research will find out the answer. Research Methodology I used the technique of triangulation (White, 2000) in my research in which two techniques, blind taste test and questionnaire, were used. Before conducting the actual survey, I randomly selected 82 people outside a supermarket in Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong and asked them if they had the habit of buying instant coffee. 39 of them stated that they buy instant coffee regularly but 18 of them said that they do not drink instant coffee. In the 39 people, 33 (84.6%) of them said that they usually buy Nestlà ©s instant coffee, Nescafe. 4 (10.3%) of them buy Maxwell House instant coffee and 2 (5.1%) of them buy Old Town instant coffee. I invited the 33 Nescafe instant coffee buyers to do the blind taste test and questionnaire as they were the majority (84.6%) of the respondents. I believed choosing Nescafe instant coffee buyers to be the sample was more representative as they represent the majority of the coffee drinkers that I have asked. However, only 30 of them agreed to participate in the test. The 30 Nescafe instant coffee buyers were my sample population. The sample consisted of 8 males and 22 females who have the habit of buying instant coffee on their own. The blind taste test was carried out in order to find out how the consumers choose coffee. The test was divided into three parts and each part would have 10 participants. In the three blind taste tests, Tsit Wing instant coffee (TW), Maxwell House instant coffee (MH) and Nescafe instant coffee (NC) were used. I chose the three coffees as their price is more or less the same. Every participant had tried the Tsit Wing instant coffee (TW), Maxwell House instant coffee (MH) and Nescafe instant coffee (NC) before. In Test A, three cups of different coffee were given without brand labels. NC was the brand that the sample population used to buy. The participants were asked to taste the coffee and choose one that they would purchase. The data collected in the Test A would serve as a base reference. If the participants like the taste of NC, they will also choose the NC in the test. In Test B, three different cups of coffee were given. Each cup of coffee had a label showing the brand of coffee. The aim of the Test B was to see if there was any difference between Test A and Test B. If they really like the taste of NC, the results in the Test A and B would be consistent. If the results in the two tests are not consistent, it shows that brand influence consumers decision. Test C was carried out to determine if the consumer buying decision was independent of the brand name. The Test C was the same as Test B, except the name of the coffee brand were labeled wrongly. I labeled the cup of MH as TW, the cup of TW as NC and the cup of NC as MH. By comparing with the result obtained in the three tests, we hoped to find out which factors, brand or taste, has a greater influence on the consumers. If the data obtained in the Test A does not match with the data obtained in the Test B, it tells that brand has an influence on consumers decisions. The reason is in Test A, the participants only know the taste of the coffee and they can only choose the coffee according to the taste of coffee. In Test B, however, the participants know both the taste and brand. If their decisions are different, that means the brand affects their buying behavior. For the Test C, the three different coffees were used again. However, their brand names were labeled wrongly this time. Comparing the result obtained in this test to that of in the Test B, if the result has a big difference, that means the brand has a greater influence than the taste on the decision of participants. Besides, questionnaire (Annex 7.1) was also used to obtain data. The questionnaire, used immediately after the blind taste tests, consisted of five questions with choices given. Pilot study The pilot study made me realize that what I need is to observe their buying behavior which cannot be asked but observed. Therefore, I decided to do the blind taste tests and questionnaire instead of doing an interview which allowed me to focus on measuring the influence of brand and taste on the consumers decisions. Afterwards, I decided to carry a three blind taste tests with three groups of people. I enjoy to take this chance tend to do all blind taste test is they will remember the taste of the coffee in the test, and finally affect their choice in the next following tests. Findings and discussions Participants Of the total number of 30 respondents, 8 (26.7%) were males and 22 (73.3%) were females. All of them were NC consumers. More than a half people had 1 to 3 years NC purchasing experience and 70% of them had at least 1 year purchasing experience. From the data, we can assume that some participants are experienced in purchasing instant coffee and the results obtained from them are valuable to discuss and analyze. Relationship of brand, taste and decision In the research, blind taste tests were used to find out how the consumer made decisions regarding brand and taste in purchasing instant coffee. Three tests were carried out. In each test, participants were given three cups of different coffee. In Test A, three cups of coffee without brand name were given. In Test B, brand name was given to each cup of coffee. In Test C, brand names were given but placed wrongly on each coffee. In Test A, three cups of coffee without label were given to participants to taste. Surprisingly, the result was not consistent with our expectation. In other words, taste was the only reason for their choices in the Test A. The result told us that without knowing the brand name, their preferences were different when comparing with knowing the brand name. In this test, the result was changed because the participants knew the brand name when comparing with the result of the Test A. There was a 30% increase in the NC and a 30% decrease in the MH. The data showed that the brand really influenced participants when deciding the coffee. In Test C, the participants had to taste three cups of different coffee in which the brand labels were placed wrongly. The result was very close to that of Test A. That means they chose as if just chose by the taste only. It gave us a hint that with a different label on the cups, their choices were different. What we can conclude is that the brand plays an important role in affecting buying decision of participants. Post-tests evaluation After the three blind taste tests, the participants in Test A and C were told about the correct branding of the coffee they had tried. All the participants were asked if they would continue to purchase the NC after trying the tests. As shown in the Table 4 .5, only 30% of the participants would firmly say yes. Half of them had a second thought of their decisions. It told us that they started to think about their perceptions of NC coffee. It implies that the participants will also consider the taste when purchasing instant coffee. Participants were asked to choose one coffee to recommend to their friends after trying the blind taste tests. The result was shown in Table 4 .6. The result was very interesting that about half of them recommend NC to their friends while another half suggested MH, was most people voted due to the taste in the Test A. It implies that branding and taste also have a strong influence in consumers buying behavior. Participants were asked if they were satisfied with the NC. Before the blind taste test, over 40% of the participants were satisfied with the NC. However, after the blind taste tests, only 17% were satisfied with it and there was 13% of participants were dissatisfied. From the result in Fig. 4 .7 and Fig. 4 .8, we can see that the participants were influenced by the blind test. We can say that beside the factors related to the products, there are some other factors may affect our buying decision. Buying behavior In the research, participants were asked immediately after the blind taste tests about how they made the buying decision when purchasing instant coffee. Factors affecting buying decision In the research, the participants were asked to give factors they thought were influential in making the buying decision in the questionnaire. The answers were shown in the Table 4 .9. In Fig. 4 .9, it shows the most influential factor affecting buying decision. 63% of the participants regard Taste was the most influential (Table 8.1), 13% voted for Influenced by advertisement, 10% for Brand image, 7% for Price and 7% for Word-of-mouth. Nobody voted for brand in the questionnaire. Comparing to the results obtained in the blind tests, the results were inconsistent. In the blind tests, it was found that the influence of the brand was greater than the influence of the taste. In Fig. 4 .10, it shows the top three influential factors affecting buying decision regarding to instant coffee purchasing. Nearly one-third of the whole population voted for the Taste, the second one was Price (20%) and the third were Brand (13.3%) and Influenced by advertisement (13.3%). The Fig. 4 .10 shows that Price is also an important factor in making the buying decision. The data gives us an idea that beside brand and taste, there are many factors should be considered in making the buying decision. Discussions According to the three blind taste tests and the questionnaires done by the participants, we can see that the brand influence was strong to the participants. In the Test A, participants did not know the brand but the taste. They chose the coffee according to the taste. More than 50% of the NC buyers chose MH. However, when the brands were labeled on each cup of coffee in Test B, 50% of the NC buyers choose NC. In Test C, three cups of coffee were given with the wrong brand labels, the result showed that participants tend to choose coffee according to the brand name as 60% of the NC buyers chose MH which was labeled with a NC label. The three test results indicate that brand affects consumers decisions and which is supported by Olins (2000) and Keller (1998). Olins (2000) suggests that brand helps people to differentiate products from different sellers. Besides, Keller (1998) suggests that brand is an external aspect of product and it can affect the purchase or consumption procedure. Besides, the participants were asked if they were satisfied with the NC before and after the blind taste tests, Over 40% of the participants were satisfied with NC. However, after the blind taste tests, the number of satisfied people decreased and there was 13% of participants dissatisfied with the NC. From the results, we can see that the participants were influenced by the blind test and there are some other factors may affect our preferences. As we mentioned in the literature review, consumers will buy the product again if they are satisfied with the product (Foxall, 1980). From the results, we can see that the brand influences consumer buying decisions a lot. From the data in Table 4 .9, there were 63% of participants chose Taste as the most influential. However, nobody voted brand as the most important factor. Compared that to the results obtained in the blind taste tests, in which brand had a strong influence in consumers decisions, there is a contradiction. The inconsistency shows that people do not understand what influences their behavior very well. Conclusion Recommendations The result obtained from the tests and the questionnaire is not consistent in some way. If the answers from participants are truly reflecting their preferences, the obtained result should be consistent. So we should not trust the result given from the research and we should be critical in reading other research data in the future. Furthermore, if it is feasible, we may observe their actual buying behavior after trying the blind taste tests over a period of time in order to get an accurate result. Conclusion In this research, we carry out three blind taste tests and find out that participants tended to choose coffee according to the brand name. 60% of one of the instant coffee brand supporters chose another brand of coffee which is wrongly labeled as their favorite coffee brand by me. Surprisingly, 80% of them do not choose their favorite coffee brand in another test when the labels are gone. The only factor which affects their decisions if the labels are gone is the taste of the coffee. In other words, taste is the only reason for their choices if no labels are provided. The result tells us that without knowing the brand name, their buying decisions are different when comparing with knowing the brand name. The result shows us that brand had a strong influence in consumers decisions. I conduct a questionnaire immediately after the blind taste tests. The statistical result shows that taste is the most important factor affecting their buying decision while price, brand, and influenced by advertisement come second, third and fourth respectively. The data gives us an idea that beside brand and taste, there are many factors should be considered in making the buying decision. References Allison, R. I., Uhl, K. P. (1964). Influence of beer brand identification on taste perception. Journal of Marketing Research, 1, pp. 36-9. Armstrong, G.., Kotler, P. (1999). 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