“Alzheimer’S From A New Angle A Radical New Approach To

â€Å"Alzheimer’s From A New Angle: A radical new approach to treating the fearful disease is showing promise† by Alice Park, an article found in the February 22/29, 2016 issue of TIME magazine, delves into encouraging new research being conducted to find a cure for Alzheimer’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative condition that destroys the brain. Dr. Frank Longo, from the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences at Stanford University, School of Medicine, is leading the charge. This disease was discovered over 110 years ago by a German physician named, Alois Alzheimer. For so many years now, researchers have focused solely on treating/stopping Alzheimer’s once its devastation has already begun. In the last seven years, over†¦show more content†¦Dr. Longo says, â€Å"Most people are working at the edges of the problem, but we’re going right after the core of it.† His goal is keeping the brain’s nerve cells h ealthy and protected against any assault, including the amyloid plaques and tau tangles. He and his team have developed a drug called LM11A-13 aka C31, which is showing very promising results so far in mice, even indicating the possibility of reversing damage already done! It focuses on maintaining the health and function of the neuron, the connections between neurons and interrupting many of the unhealthy communications caused by amyloid that in turn destroy the cell. LM11A-13 has been found to be safe for humans, and trials will soon begin on Alzheimer’s patients. There are still a lot of unanswered questions, but this drug could lead to helping millions of people affected or who have the potential to be affected by this horrible disease, maybe even preventing it all together. This TIME magazine article by Alice Park, directly relates to a lot of what we discussed in chapter 2 of our textbook. In that chapter, we identified the parts of a neuron and their functions. We also learned about how the neurons communicate with each other through neurotransmission. Alzheimer’s disease specifically targets neurons in the brain. It interrupts that communication and causes the destruction of neurons, which leadsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Film Bleu: Relevance of Bleu To France1266 Words   |  5 Pagesto plunge her into a state of nothingness. She wants to feel nothing, remember nothing, do nothing, and love nothing. If anyone is to ask her what she wants to do, she will always reply â€Å"nothing†. This is best exemplified by her dialogue extracted from the film - â€Å"Now I have only one thing left to do: nothing.† Sound has a presence of nothingness. And we realize this in the several scenes of Julie swimming in the pool. We can tell that she uses the recurrent plunges into water to dip intoRead MoreThe Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: a Literature Review1937 Words   |  8 Pagesbrain and body, addiction possibilities, and available options for treatment for heroin abusers. What is Heroin? Chemical make-up Breaking down the parts of the word, diacetylmorphine, di means two, acetyl is a radical derived from acetic acid, and morphine is a drug derived from the opium poppy plant used to relieve pain. Heroin, on the street, is generally not pure. Drug dealers often add other things in the drug to stretch their dollar (Furst, 2000). The term for adding things to a drugRead MoreNanotech 1AC Essay13565 Words   |  55 Pagescould pose serious threats to human health and the environment, cautions a new study. Far from a policy of precaution vis-à  -vis these new technologies, products are entering the market without regulation to guarantee their safety or labels to inform of their use, researcher Guillermo Foladori of the public Autonomous University of Zacatecas told Tierramà ©rica. Foladori and his colleague Noela Invernizzi are the co-authors of a new report, Implicaciones sociales y ambientales del desarrollo de las nanotecnologà ­asRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (201 1) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreSocm Study Guide Essay30404 Words   |  122 PagesCaudal – the tail (coccyx in humans) Inferior – Below; at a lower level Medial – Toward the body’s longitudinal axis Lateral – Away from the body’s longitudinal axis Proximal – Toward an attached base Distal – Away from an attached base Superficial – At, near, or relatively close to the body surface Deep – Farther from the body surface Identify the major body cavities and their subdivisions. Dorsal Cavity * Cranial Cavity (surrounds the brain)

It’S Said That The Universe Will Tend To Move Toward A

It’s said that the universe will tend to move toward a state with a higher entropy. Every gas molecules will spontaneously diffuse to fill a container which will increase the overall entropy of the universe. Evolution is then can be thought to follow this same basic principle. Nature has given every species living in it an indefinite amount of time which allows them to evolve. Ergo, for over three billion years, some of the single cell organisms had been successfully evolving into the numerous multicellular organisms that we know of today, us included; and some, who were not able to improve within the given time, would be exterminated (Darwin 120). But, what is it that she has been eager to see through this long-lasting experiment of†¦show more content†¦Although this is not a closed circuit, some energy is dissipated, some is added; but it is a sustained circuit (Leopold 43). This similar instance was also explained in Darwin’s theory as the struggle for life for every species. In Darwinian theory, the struggle for life does not only represent the species’ struggle to survive, but it also reflected on the idea that each individual is interdependent with one another. A mistletoe seedling, for example, is said to struggle with each other if they grow close to one another. And if a â€Å"mistletoes is disseminated by birds, its existence [now] depends on birds† (Darwin 109). The struggle for existence that Darwin explain is then similar to the flow of energy explained by Leopold. The seed that is disseminated by birds becomes the container for the transfer of the energy from the sun. That energy would then be dissipated as work for the bird to fly from one place to another, if not the energy would be transferred to yet another organism. Thus, this seems as if evolution acts on every species with the thought of a certain ethics that the species must followed which formed a strict system. 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Organisational Change Plan for Pearson Education

Question: Describe about the Report of Organisational Change Plan for Pearson Education. Answer: Introduction: Change Management plan indicates to the steps taken towards certain changes in an organisation. Organisational change, on one hand, leads a company towards better sustainable progress, on the contrary, prevents a company from reaching a stagnation point concerning system and profit (Benn et al. 2014). However, companies often undergo an organisational change when losses are faced in gaining revenues or sales or employment. The Chosen organisation (Pearson) is an example of it. Pearson is counted as one of the leading companies in the field of publishing and education industry that primarily deals with textbooks. A British owned education and publishing company, Pearson owns multiple media brands like the Peachpit, Addison-Wesley, Longman, and others. This company has an employee count of 40,000 as counted in 2009 (Pearson.com 2016). However, it is in 2015 that the corporation faced a great loss in both segments of profit and customers. As the reviews go, the company faced a decline i n sales of 7%, revenue went down for 11% resulting in a down of 50 million dollars than the previous pear in profit and in 2016 it faced a huge plummeting in stocks in London Exchange by 10% (Huffington Post India 2016). The following assignment attempts to trace the needs of an organisational change in the strategies of Pearson to target to an increase in the revenue and stock price as well to establish the reputation of its name among its stakeholders and customers. Since the company has already lost much trust and revenue, it is the need of the hour to take counter strategies to regain its position. The assignment, through a systematic analysis of the needs to make changes in the organisation, the resistances towards the step and a planning intensity for a successful project and planning for the HR professionals, attempts to make a plan for the organisational change in Pearson. The Description and Evolution of the Company: It is in January 2013 that the CEO John Fallon took the charges from the longtime CEO Marjorie Scardino. The first step Fallon took to change the approach of the company was triggered towards making the company more service-oriented, digital and focused on the learning outcomes and economy. On the other hand, the company went through a huge reorganisation and distribution of the workforce among six different business units (Huffington Post India 2016). On their part the CEO announced their target to help improve learning outcomes.' Nevertheless, whatever target the company tried to achieve, the results turned out to be of absolute difference. According to the report of Fortune, the scheme managed to upset many people. The step took Pearson to a completely different light. It is the opinion of many parents and teachers that Pearson is attempting to control every element of the educational process, from the qualification of the teachers to the Student curriculums and evaluations. Not only from the basic levels, the company has earned much negative criticism from several universities as well for their attempt to become global learning services company. Professor Alan Singer from University in New York calls Pearson a corporate octopus (Fortune.com 2016). Such criticism has resulted in a drastic fall in the shares and the revenue. Therefore, in present times, an organisational change is turning to be the most necessary step to regain the position. Importance of the Change (Internal and external context): However, the internal work culture and structure are fair and perfect for the atmosphere of work. It is the organisational culture and managerial expertise of the higher-level authorities that has managed to continue the organisational culture resulting in an increasing reputation of the 171-year-old company. It is as kitchin mentions the company has already found what a successful culture looked like,' therefore is able to design and impose such a culture, and the organisation has moved rapidly to be more successful (Pearson.com 2016). Structurally the company follows an organized pattern by departmentalizing segments concerning function, product, geography process and customer (Fortune.com 2016). Steps towards organisational change help in fulfilling the targeted position of the company concerning revenue, faith and retaining the reputation. Moreover, after taking charge john Fallons reorganising the work structure distributed the workforce among six different segments to fulfill t he tasks more swiftly. Such steps have indeed contributed further towards the growth of the reputation. The most important change the organisation needs to undertake at the present hour is to make sustainable changes in its business strategy towards global learning services company. As the reports reveal, the company has already invited much negative criticism for the steps. The company first needs to regain its reputation from the customers. Therefore, the most fruitful model for the process might be Kotters 8-Step change model demanding strategies in terms of increasing the urgency for change, building a tram dedicated to change,' creating the vision for change.' At the same time, the model demands steps to be taken like communicating the need for change,' empowering staff with the ability to change,' creating short term goals,' staying persistent', and ensuring the permanence of the change'(kotterinternational.com 2016). Kotters 8-Step model plan Establishing a sense of urgency: The sales and revenue statistics already are blatant examples that the company needs to undergo thorough assessments and changes in the organisation especially in the external contexts (internationalization, environment, technology and opportunities). It is important now for the others such as the upper-level managers and officers to understand the situation. Meetings and briefs to the employees must be held to inform the status of the present condition of the company and the results about to come. When acquainted with the problems the employees can suggest solutions of their own. Especially the solutions from the marketing and sales team will be most helpful to receive and follow for they are the one to get contact directly with the customers and dealers. Moreover, the actions received as solutions from the concerned team managers and departments must be implemented within the duration of a financial year. The process of implementation must start within four months of receiving the plan to make the manual process implemented, processed as a natural trait which is an important feature of organisational change. Creating guiding teams dedicate to change: A separate team first is needed to set up to ensure and implement the changes. The team must include employees and managers from the marketing, sale, finance, and technical departments. The team must be small but strong and analytically powerful. The positive points in the team are that the team will be open directly to the problems and dissatisfaction of the customers through the sales and marketing teams which will bring in the first-hand experience of the satisfaction and the irritations of the customers (kotterinternational.com 2016). Moreover, the representatives from the financial department will be able to draw up a draft of probable expenses. The department will be helpful to focus on profit and loss keeping an eye on the present situation in the economy and stock price for the individual strategies decided to be implemented. The sales team will be helpful to understand the pulse of the customers. Creating the vision for change: The visions must be to retain the 171-year-old reputation as well as the existing customers by providing them with a standard quality of services and products. The official website already lists their vision to be the fulfillment of the needs across a spectrum of individuals with the expertise of their technology and experience (Pearson.com 2016). At the same time, retaining customers will ensure a flow of the funds regarding revenue. It must be taken into attention that the strategies must be traditional. The uncommon and off the road steps to make Pearson to be global learning services company has already brought in much negative impact resulting in a heavy loss. The company must at first align the concerned teams towards the strategies for generating the revenues, and the strategies must be well-crafted which will describe clearly the present state and the state the team is targeting the company to be within the duration of the implementing procedures (Kerzner 2013). Communicating the need for change: It is most important and the most desired action to take to an organisational change. For there are always conflicts of the positive and negative reviews regarding changes and new plans, it is most important to make people understand the need for the change and the impact on the company's revenue and the stock piece if the current plans are continued. At the same time, the employees, as well as the directors, are needed to be oriented with the company so that they can feel the workplace to be their own and their contributions important to the progress of the company. At the same time, the employees must understand the need for change in terms of the effects of it on their financial situation. Empowering staff with the ability to change: Since the change is on a large scale and keeping in focus the need to implement as early as possible the company will need a significant number of employees to implement the changes faster. Since all of them are under a common opportunity and are driven towards the same direction implementation will be swift. The employees must be sent individually to houses and take surveys from individual students and parents, teachers and to stores and dealers to take their reviews and suggestions for the existing activities. Moreover, they must inform them about the changes and take the suggestions regarding the change. On one hand that would ensure a direct public contact to know the opinion of the people that will bring a marketing advertisement for the company at the same time, the changes will be reviewed whether be helpful or not. Creating short-term goals: First, a target market needed to be set to determine the profits of the changes and if they are well accepted. For the initial period, moderate profit margins for the sellers and discount for the students and teachers as special offers so that the changed services and products can spread through as much of the market as possible. For the market has already reviewed and suggested their opinion for the changed services, the services and products are expected to meet the requirements of the people. That will ensure a good spread and profit in the revenue (Kerzner 2013). Staying persistent: To ensure persistence in the change process the leader must be a variable. From some managers and leaders involved in the team of implementing changes, managers must be put to be in the leading position for a certain period. That not only will help to give a fair chance to all ensuring managers but at the same time, the company will get to see some new strategies and approach towards the change and their implementation. Stagnation is not expected in such an activity and if a leader is permanent the creativity of strategies might get stagnant that will prohibit the progress. The new strategies and steps will ensure a consistent acceleration in the changed service. Ensuring the permanence of the change: To ensure the changes to be permanent, the old strategies and activities taken in time of implementing the changes must be articulated and repeated. To ensure a consistent progress in the long run, the connections between the activities and approaches will be important to establish. According to a survey, almost 90% of managers and employees agree that the importance of agility and speed has increased in the last five years (Welbourne 2014). Problem of Resistance and the Solution: However, there are problems as well for the plans and changes to be implemented. It is an obvious fact that the previous plans to make the organisation a global learning services company was well accepted by the employees and decision board therefore implemented. Thus, there might again be problem and resistance from these employees, managers of the companies against the changes toward the digitalized and more all encompassing plans. In their opinion might be to make the company global digitalization' is the next step' (Andersson 2015). Solution: Indeed digitalization and all encompassing subjects are important for the company to be global. Nevertheless, the employees must be understood that the activities have not been accepted and more profitable for the company in the end. Therefore, at least for a small targeted market in a small amount, the changes are needed to be implemented to check their profitability and acceptability. Moreover, if proved a successful change the changes will be implemented on a bigger scale (Cameron and Green 2015). Action required from the HR: The implementation of the plans is expected to be fluid and fast. With the great number of employees engaged in the implementation process, the activity will be in time. However, the resistance from different sections of the company and initial disinterest of the customers may lead many employees to be less positive and the conflicts that could have been used in a productive manner for the changes can result only in winning arguments. The HR, therefore, needs to follow many steps towards giving supports to the changing process. They need to review the job description regularly ensuring the job roles do not conflict; they need to meet regularly with the employees to discuss the problems and opinions so that further problems and conflicts do not arise in the process. The HR department needs to build a friendly relationship among the colleagues as well as subordinates. Moreover, they need to produce often reports on accomplishments, needs of plans for further implementation of several plans to encourage the employees and keep up the active atmosphere of the workplace (Hanson 2010). Change Management Dashboard, an adaptive approach: Change management dashboard calculates the present state of management of change on a project. The units include the change managers, sponsors, project managers as well as the change management teams. Change management dashboard is important to determine and implement changes in the organisation for, it defines the perspective of change before deciding the monitor and identify the functional balance between having brief overview and detailed insight of the change status. Task management dashboard ensures an active and creative process of implementing the strategies toward the organisational change by monitoring beforehand the market and probable profits and losses and reviews of the customers depending on their experiences. Change management dashboard also determines the emergence of fruitful marketing strategies for the implementation of the changes (Vaccarezza and Rizzi 2014). Importance of Planning: Planning intensity plays an important role in successful implementation of the project. As reveals Zippel-Schultz, B Schultz, the success of planning in the management of hospital industry is well evident. Even in the case of organisational change for Pearson, the planning is crucial. Planning for several marketing strategies as well as the market to target first and then progress accordingly ensures a systematic way of approaching the target to implement the changes. For planning, it is important first to identify and approach the change. Next, the changes and strategies need to be reviewed by several customers and dealers to check if the changes match their requirements. Then the management team must make the plans for output such as action plans, resistance towards the changes, reach the market and change the leaders after certain durations to keep the implementation active and creative (Zippel and Schultz 2011). Conclusion: In the end to conclude it must be mentioned that to continue the Pearson with the reputation and enough profit a sustainable organisational change mostly dealing with the external contexts. The market needs to be surveyed as well as the individuals such as the students and the dealers and the parents, teachers. Thereby it is important for the company to generate more revenue and retain its customer base and good will that the products and services must be taken under a thorough test to determine the changes in strategic and marketing factors which will ensure the profits as well as the acceptability of the company. At the same time, a change in the working strategies and existing plans will keep the organisation mobile and free from stagnation therefore open to newness of ideas and strategies. Reference : Andersson, G. (2015). Resisting Organisational Change.International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning,8(1). Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organisational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Blackmore, C., Ison, R., Reynolds, M. (2015). Thinking differently about sustainability: experiences from the UK Open University. InIntegrating Sustainability Thinking in Science and Engineering Curricula(pp. 613-630). Springer International Publishing. Burke, W. W. (2013).Organisation change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organisational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Fortune.com. (2016).Everybody hates Pearson. [online] Available at: https://fortune.com/2015/01/21/everybody-hates-pearson/ [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organisational excellence. pearson. https://kotterinternational.com/ebook/Kotter-8-steps-ebook.pdf [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. https://www.canberra.edu.au/researchrepository/file/81c02a90-6a15-91ae-c7a2-ff44c96d60b2/1/full_text.pdf [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. https://pearsoneducationservices.com/visionmission.php [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. Huffington Post India. (2016).Pearson Profits Sag, Stock Plummets, U.S. President Sacked, and More Pearson Blues. [online] Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/pearson-profits-sag-stock_b_11385602 [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Mishra, S. (2013, September). Relevance of Kotters Model for Change in Successfully Implementing Lean. InIFIP International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems(pp. 540-547). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Pearson.com. (2016).Pearson 2015 results. [online] Available at: https://www.pearson.com/news/announcements/2016/february/pearson-2015-results.html [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. (2012).Essentials of organisational behavior. Boston: Pearson. Thebookseller.com. (2016).Pearson makes "significant changes" to structure | The Bookseller. [online] Available at: https://www.thebookseller.com/news/pearson-makes-significant-changes-structure [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. USA. (2016).About Us | Pearson. [online] Available at: https://www.pearsoned.com/about-us/ [Accessed 6 Sep. 2016]. Vaccarezza, A., Rizzi, G. (2014). Change management dashboard: an adaptive approach to lead a change program.People and Strategy,37(1), 46. Welbourne, T. M. (2014). Change Management Needs a Change.Employment Relations Today,41(2), 17-23 Zippelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Schultz, B., Schultz, C. (2011). Mediated and moderated effects of business and project planning on innovation projects in hospitals.Creativity and Innovation Management,20(4), 296-310.

Trifles susan glaspell Essay Example For Students

Trifles susan glaspell Essay Susan Glaspells Trifles explores male-female relationships through the murder investigation of the character of Mr. Wright. The play takes place in Wrights country farmhouse as the men of the play, the county attorney, the sheriff, and Mr. Hale, search for evidence as to the identity and, most importantly, the motive of the murderer. However, the men never find the clues that would lead them to solving this murder case. Instead, it is their female counterparts who discover the evidence needed, and who are able to do so because of their gender. The male investigators need to find, as Mrs. Peters puts it, a motive; something to show anger, orsudden feeling' (1329). Yet the men never see the uneven sewing on a quilt Minnie Wright was working on before the murder. The quilt is a symbol of Minnies agitationher anger. The men, though, laugh at the womens wonderings about the quilt and its peculiar knot. We will write a custom essay on Trifles susan glaspell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Likewise, the canary and its cage are easily dismissed. In fact, the men just as easily believe a lie about this bird and cage. When the cage is noticed, its hinge pulled apart and broken door unnoticed, the county attorney asks, Has the bird flown?' Mrs. Peters replies that the cat got it' (1332). There is actually no such cat, but the men do not know that and never question the existence of it. The bird, however, is vital to the case. Mr. Wright killed the bird, Minnies bird, which may have provoked her to then kill him. As Mrs. Hale thinks further she says, No, Wright wouldnt like the bird a thing that sang, She used to sing. He killed that, too (1332). Mrs. Hale is talking about Mrs. Wright before she was married, how she used to go out and could sing like an angel, but since her marriage she has been confined like a caged bird. In addition, the strangling of Mr. Wright, a form of murder, which perplexes all when a gun was handy, is reminiscent of the strangling of that bird. It is another answer to the mens questions, but an answer they never find. The women, on the other hand, take note of all they see. They notice the bird, the cage, and the quilt but other things that the men call trifles, like Minnies frozen preserves and her request for her apron and shawl. These women are united; it seems, not only as country wives or as neighbors but also on the basic level of womanhood. This is apparent from the beginning of the play. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters stand close together near the door, (1324) emotionally bonded throughout the play and, here, physically, in a way, too. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters also have a kinship to Minnie, just as to each other. They respect her work as a homemaker. Mrs. Hale quickly comes to Minnies defense when her housekeeping skills are questioned, saying, Theres a great deal of work to be done on a farm' (1326). The women display their loyalty to each other and their sympathy for one another, too. Mrs. Peters can identify with the loneliness and sadness of losing something you love. She understands what stillness is,' and Mrs. Hale knows how things can befor women . . . they all go through the same thingsits just a different kind of the same thing' (1333). These women are obviously united, and together they have a common enemy, as it were. The womens foes, the men, are not united at all. The county attorney, in particular, is in a rush to find evidence. He hurries Mr. .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12 , .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12 .postImageUrl , .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12 , .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12:hover , .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12:visited , .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12:active { border:0!important; } .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12:active , .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12 .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u672ae09ffc838abade7720066c565d12:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: AOL Time Warner Essay Hale through his story with, Lets talk about that later . . . tell now just what happened when you got to the house' (1325). Then he ushers the other two men up the stairs, unthinkingly neglecting the crucial evidence downstairs. To them it is of little importance as they say, Nothing here but kitchen things (1326). Instead of looking at things of the wife, who is in custody, they search all through Johns bed, barn, and other male things for evidence. The women regard these men, between themselves, as snooping around and criticizing' (1327) and .

Biological, Strain, Radical Theory Essay

Biological, Strain, Radical Theory Essay Free Online Research Papers Despite a focus on constructing and testing theories about the causes of crime, researchers frequently avoid explicit discussion of causal issues. Researchers argue that attention to particular causal issues will both facilitate theory construction and testing and provide a more systematic basis for identifying policy implications for criminological theory and research. Researchers also suggest how criminologists and policymakers can benefit from consideration of causal issues. Biological Theory The theory of atavism, also referred to as Biological Theory, was a concept developed by the criminologist Cesare Lombroso (1835 1909) that offers a biological explanation for criminal deviance. His theory states that criminal deviance is inherited and this inheritance is visible in the shape of the human skull (Laub, 2007). Through biological determinism Lombroso attempted to show that physical traits would be determinants of criminal behavior. His ideas were part of the 19th century movement known as positivism. Lombroso applied positivism to the field of criminology in an attempt to create a field of study known as criminal anthropology. Criminal anthropology was based on the earlier work of Charles Darwin and the theory of evolution and Lombroso’s theory of atavism (Laub, 2007). Drawing on Darwin’s theory of natural selection, Lombroso reasoned that, in any population, a small number of individuals were likely to exhibit extremely primitive instincts and that they would have difficulty functioning in a civilized culture. They were, in effect, evolutionary throwbacks, or atavistic anomalies as Lombroso termed them. In early human societies, individuals with atavistic traits were more likely to be fit for survival. A strong desire to kill, for example, would have made them successful hunters and desirable mates. However, in civilized urban Europe, atavism, the reversion to evolutionarily primitive traits, was highly likely to cause criminal behavior. Assuming that Nevet and Begonia are the same age and maybe twins since they are graduating at the same time, this theory would explain that the behavior exhibited by the children was a result of their skull structure. Since they are brother and sister their skull structure is more than unlikely to be relatively similar. However, for this theory to be true there must be evidence that their parents also had atavistic traits or behavior or without past criminal behavior. Since there is no evidence of either, this theory cannot be legitimately used to explain their behavior (Gibson, 2007). Differential Association Theory The idea of differential association was introduced by the American criminologist Edwin Sutherland in 1962. The theory of differential association explains deviant acts as following a change in attitudes of the prospective deviant acquired through association with established deviants. More simply put, people become deviants, because they associate with deviants. The most important changes in thinking are the definitions or right and wrong and legal and illegal. The prospective values change and he/she acquires a new set of attitudes that condone or even promote criminal activity, motivating the prospective deviant to commit future deviant acts in an attempt to fit in (Gibson, 2007). This theory would say that their behavior is a direct result of the company they keep. From the information given, no conclusion is drawn that known or established deviants directly influence them. They are described as being very popular, so the only deviants directly affecting them are each other. Radical Theory Robberies, burglaries, auto thefts, and larceny are all everyday realities in our society. But why do they happen? Is this not the â€Å"land of opportunity†, where everyone has a chance to succeed and obtain the American dream? When you examine these crimes, and look at explanations from sociologist as to why they happen, these idealistic notions of our society do not hold up. The fact is that not everyone is afforded the same luxuries as means of achieving success, even though the ideals of, and desires for success are pretty consistent throughout society (Laub, 2007). Therefore, when the means are lacking but the desire is strong, any methods, especially committing a property crime, become options. When examining crimes such as robbery in a case study, one must take into account the fact that even with the reported statistics only limited conclusions can be reached. This is because not all crimes are reported; therefore the statistics are not 100 percent accurate. Robbery i s defined as â€Å"the taking or attempting to take anything from person(s) by the use of force/violence to institute fear† (McCaghy, 2007). The NCVS states that only 57% of robberies that are committed are successfully reported and documented by the proper authorities (McCaghy, 2007). This rate is subject to change dependent upon other victim experiences, broken bones, injury by weapon, etc, usually the more serious the crime the greater response the victim will put forth. The person(s) that commits a robbery is usually a stranger; also over half of these robberies are committed on the streets, thus giving fame to the expression street crimes. There are a variety of robbers: addict, professional, opportunist, and alcoholic. Many robbers commit the act because they have an urgent need for money brought on by their addiction to drugs. Robbing an individual is the quickest and easiest way to fulfill this need. For the majority of robberies the offender is merely looking for fin ancial stability. The UCR defines burglary as the unlawful entry of an area with the intent to commit a felony or theft (McCaghy, 2007). According to the UCR the rate of burglaries are on the decline, although they do not include private homes, the NCVS also reports the rates of burglaries have been on the decline since 1973. The UCR reports that young white males commit the majority of burglaries. These statistics are based on the 13% of reported burglaries that result in arrest (McCaghy, 2007). When a burglary is committed it is usually calculated and done in a professional fashion. The stolen goods are usually turned over to fences, who sell the hot goods on the street. No more money is made on the goods once they are sold on the street to the general public. The UCR defines motor theft as the theft or attempted theft of automobiles, including a wide variety of motorized vehicles (McCaghy, 2007). The theft rate for motor vehicles is currently stable according to statistics. The UCR statistical data is comprised of all stolen vehicles, while the NCVS only reports on privately owned vehicles. As was the case with burglaries, young white males commit the majority of all auto thefts. Only half of the cars they steal are ever recovered. There are a variety of names given to the different types of car thieves: joy-riders (who steal your car to have a good time with it), short termers (who just need your car to get out of town), felony motivated thieves (who may use your car for a drive-by shooting), long termers (who steal your car because they want it), and finally profit motivated thieves (who usually steal your car for parts that will be sold to the public). Larceny theft is defined by the UCR as the unlawful taking of property with out the use of force or fraud. An example of larceny theft would be shoplifting (McCaghy, 2007). Shoplifting occurs everywhere in the world, but even more so in the United States. There are so many types of shoplifters, many of them have specially designed devices that allow them to walk into stores and walk out with thousands of dollars in merchandise, completely undetected. Strain Theory A way to approach an explanation for property crime is through Merton’s theory of aspirations that can not be attained by the means available (McCaghy, 2007). This concept is known as the Strain theory, what this theory states is that one may set a variety of goals to be accomplished but they do not have the ability to achieve them. What it comes down to is that we as a society are told what is expected out of us. Committing a property crime is for many people, the only way they see possible to reach societies expectations. For example, all the teenagers are buying the hottest new tennis shoes, but a poor deprived inner city teen can not even come close to affording a pair, so what is his option, steal them or do with out. This theory offers a good explanation for all property crimes; because it puts individuals need to meet the standards of society at its core. Durkheim’s concept of anomie offers a second explanation behind property crime. In his theory, Durkheim portrays society as being riddled with greed, so much so that they will do anything to achieve what they want. Durkheim explains that when people have such motivated aspirations, nothing, not even personal morals are strong enough to control the methods by which those aspirations are achieved. A person may feel that morals and laws are only holding him or her back, and are therefore justified in committing a crime. This explanation works to an extent, but if a person is so motivated by greed to achieve their goals, why does that motivation have to result in committing a crime. Someone with so much motivation should be able to use it in a positive way, instead of a negative way. Karl Marx offers a third theory that may be applied to property crimes. His theory states that society is full of forces competing for the control of production, distribution, ownership, and the process of transferring wealth in society. Marx’s theory suggests that we as humans are overpowered by greed, and therefore, are driven to compete economically. This theory works to explain property crimes, because it means that there will always be someone at the bottom that cannot achieve the success of those at the top. Marx is trying to point out the fact that we as humans are always going to desire those things, which we do not have. However, we are not solely individuals, we are a part of a whole society and in the imbalance of our society, against the wishes of Marx and many others, and not everything is attainable for everyone. Conclusion Investigators can use criminological theories of deviance during the structured interrogation process to develop themes to present to the suspect that will reduce moral and ethical consequences of admitting involvement in a particular criminal behavior. The examples of themes derived from these theories only offer a starting point for investigators cultivating themes. Learning and understanding the theories generated through sociological research will enhance the skills of all investigators in developing and presenting convincing themes to subjects in the interrogation room. Furthermore, any tactic or approach used by an investigator must pass constitutional gather, and confessions derived from the approach must be voluntary and not the product of government overreaching to have value in the criminal prosecution. References Gibson, Mary. (2007). Born to Crime: Cesare Lombroso and the Origins of Biological Criminology. (Italian and Italian American Studies.) Retrieved from the World Wide Web March 13, 2008 at historycooperative.org/cgi-bin/justtop.cgi?act=justtopurl=historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/109.2/br_186.html. Laub, H. John (2007).Edwin H. Sutherland and the Michael-Adler Report: Searching for the Soul of Criminology Seventy Years Later. Retrieved from the World Wide Web March 13, 2008 at www.soulofcriminology.org. McCaghy, Brian. (2007). Radical Theory and Society. Choice Theories in Criminology. Retrieved from the World Wide Web March 13, 2008 at apsu.edu/oconnort/crim/crimtheory01.htm. Research Papers on Biological, Strain, Teleological TheoriesHow did Humanity Begin?Three Concepts of PsychodynamicGenetic EngineeringHomer The Great Greek PoetRacism and InjusticeGlobal Distributive Justice is UtopianProbation Officers

Grammar Myths Split Infinitives and More!

Grammar Myths Split Infinitives and More! Grammar Myths: Split Infinitives and More! As proofreaders, we’re obviously keen on good spelling and grammar. However, since we like to get invited to parties sometimes, we try to avoid being too pedantic when possible. Not all pedants are quite so chilled out, though, so you might want to keep an ear out for these grammar myths so that you can correct any overeager correctors you meet! Myth #1: Never Split an Infinitive The â€Å"infinitive† is a verb form where a verb is combined with â€Å"to,† such as â€Å"to run† or â€Å"to jump.† It’s also the subject of one of the most common grammar myths around: â€Å"Never split an infinitive.† The most famous example of a split infinitive comes from Star Trek, wherein various crews of the USS Enterprise are charged with a mission â€Å"to boldly go where no one has gone before.† The Enterprise looks much smaller there than we remember. Here, the adverb â€Å"boldly† appears in the middle of the infinitive â€Å"to go.† As such, some people insist that it’s grammatically incorrect and should be â€Å"to go boldly where no one has gone before.† This â€Å"rule† was popularized by Henry Alford in 1864, based on the idea that splitting infinitives was â€Å"flying in the face of common usage.† But many writers have split infinitives throughout the history of modern English. And sometimes placing an adverb between â€Å"to† and a verb is a good way of ensuring clarity, since it removes ambiguity about the word being modified. Kirk, Spock and friends can thus â€Å"go boldly† without worrying too much about their grammar. Myth #2: Don’t Start a Sentence with a Conjunction Another common grammar myth is that you should never start a sentence with a conjunction, especially coordinating conjunctions (e.g., â€Å"and,† â€Å"or† or â€Å"but†). In fact, these terms can be used to start sentences if required. The myth may have origins in teachers noticing schoolchildren overusing conjunctions like â€Å"and,† such as in the following: We went on holiday to Brazil. And mom went swimming in the sea. And dad got sunburn. And a monkey stole my lunch†¦ Cheeky monkey! When kids write like this, they might be told not to start sentences with conjunctions. However, while starting every sentence with â€Å"and† is clearly a bad idea, in some situations beginning a statement with a conjunction is fine, like presenting something as an afterthought: I need to buy milk. And cheese. But not bread. Starting a statement with a conjunction can also help to transition between sentences or enhance the flow of prose. It isn’t always correct, especially when you’re left with a sentence fragment in formal writing, but you can usually tell if a conjunction has been misused. Annoyingly, this myth persists despite a consensus among grammarians and writers that it’s nonsense. And as we’ve done it several time in this blogpost, including at the start of this sentence, you can probably guess that we agree with the majority here.

Economics for Lawyers (Law and Economics) Essay

Economics for Lawyers (Law and Economics) - Essay Example This is not the case in real interactions between firms. In order to dissect the concept further it would be pertinent to explore different points of views on the firm and its unique position in the market. The views of Coase, Penrose and finally Richardson will be explored in this paper in order to see how firms interact to form market structures and how these structures require the assistance of the law. 2. Defining The Firm Within the perspective of business, a firm can simply be seen as an organisation that is involved in the provision of goods and services or a combination of both to consumers1. Here it must be kept in mind that the work of such an organisation is determined by market consumption otherwise this definition would fit other organisations as well such as military organisations and the like. Therefore, the actions of a firm can be seen as being driven through competition in the market that requires the efforts of a team. Another major consideration to look into over here is the basic unit that composes the domain of economic activities. Firms are conglomerations of people who are geared to a common purpose namely the creation of economic value. In themselves, firms are actually composed of individuals and so individuals must be the basic unit of economic activity. ... This idea has been espoused by Coase who adds another dimension to hiring the services of other individuals. 2.1. Coase’s Ideas on The Nature of the Firm The earliest ideas as to why firms exist in an economy were presented by Coase2 in his article The Nature of the Firm (1937). It was recognised well before Coase’s ideas that firms existed but there had been little investigation into their need for existence. There was a visible change in emphasis of the dominant economic theory after the First World War. Analysis tended to shift from the level of industry (which relied in large part on market analysis) to the level of individual firms. This move can be attributed to a change in thinking over perfect competition. Previously perfect competition was seen as an effective model to delineate how firms behaved. Up till this point in time the emphasis of the economic theory had been to study the markets in order to understand their behaviour. There had been little work on und erstanding reasons as to why firms existed. In themselves, markets are guided Coase holds that in a perfect market, that is efficient, it would make sense to contract out services rather than hiring people. In Coase’s time the traditional theory of economics provided that entities that were best at providing goods or services were already providing these goods and services because the market was efficient. This would then have the implication that any entrepreneur looking for goods and services would tend to contract out goods and services to the best providers3. However, the actual market practice was just the opposite – entrepreneurs looked to hire people instead of contracting out services. It is only in recent years that outsourcing has

An Exposition and Evaluation of Descartes' Arguments for the Claim Essay

An Exposition and Evaluation of Descartes' Arguments for the Claim that the Mind is not Identical to the Body - Essay Example According to Descartes: â€Å"It is true that I may have (or to anticipate, that I certainly have) a body that is very closely joined to me. But nevertheless, on the one hand, I have a clear and distinct idea of myself, in so far as I am simply a thinking, non-extended thing; and on the other hand I have a distinct idea of body, in so far as this is simply an extended, non-thinking thing. And accordingly, it is certain that I am really distinct from my body, and can exist without it.† (54) From the argument above, Descartes is trying to say that he has a â€Å"clear and distinct† idea of himself and at the same time, he has a â€Å"clear and distinct† idea of body. He therefore concludes that his having a clear and distinct idea of himself serves as enough proof that the mind exists, and that his having a clear and distinct idea of body directly implies that his body exists separately from the mind, and is therefore different from it. It is also interesting to no te that his clear and distinct idea of himself is â€Å"simply a thinking, non-extended thing† and how he perceives the body is â€Å"simply an extended, non-thinking thing.† This therefore brings us to the idea that Descartes’ argument of separation of the mind from the body, or of the body from the mind, is simply based on the matter of extension and capacity to think. Descartes therefore, in making the distinction between mind and body, does not consider the other qualities of the mind except its capacity to think and its not being extended, and he also therefore does not take into consideration the other qualities of the body except its lack of capacity to think and its being extended. Therefore, by simply emphasizing the non-extendedness and thinking capacity of the mind, and by equally emphasizing the extendedness and thinking incapacity of the body, Descartes now sees the distinction between the body and the mind. There might, however, be some objections regarding this. First, Descartes may have failed to take into account that by emphasizing the distinction between the mind and the body, it does not follow that one can say that the mind is not identical to the body. The fact that one can be perceived distinctly from the other cannot therefore guarantee that one is not identical to the other. Of course, Descartes may be correct at this, but still there is a possibility that he may be perceiving only the different qualities of just â€Å"One Thing.† It therefore could be possible that this â€Å"One Thing† may simply have the attributes of thinking and non-extension at times, and those of non-thinking and extension at other times. Descartes then may have made a mistake by equating such distinct qualities as qualities of two distinct objects (body and mind), when in fact they can simply be distinct qualities of one object. Second, Descartes’ clear and distinct perception of the mind and the body cannot guarantee t hat mind and body are different from each other because it is possible that Descartes’ perception may be subjective or impaired. Descartes was only human and, human as he was, he may not have been that accurate in perceiving such a â€Å"clear and distinct† mind and a â€Å"clear and distinct† body. How sure is Descartes in the whole of the Meditations that what he is actually perceiving is the mind or the body, and how sure is he that the mind remains thinking and non-

Song dynasty and its significance in Chinese History Essay Example for Free

Song dynasty and its significance in Chinese History Essay In this article, I would like to introduce the Culture History of Song dynasty. I will mainly talk about Literature, which will be divided into 4 parts that are: 1)Poetry; 2)Prose; 3) Ci(è ©Å¾); and 4)History. After introducing the Literature, I would like to explain Song dynastys significance in Chinese History. In Zhen Zong period, Xi Kun Ti became popular among the high officials. The representative of the Xi Kun Ti were Yang Yi, Liu-yun, Qian Wei-yan and the like. Besides Xi Kun Ti, there were some poets with special style in early-Song period. They were called Late Tang group. For instance, Wei-ye, Lin Bu, Kou Zhun and the like were all the representatives of Late Tang group. Then in the Ren Zong period, Ouyang Xiu had proceeded Classical Prose Movement and created created a flow of poetry new to each other model, with the help of Mei Yao-chen and Su Shun-qin, also reference by Han Yu. In the period of Shen Zong, Wang An-shi was active on creating political poem. He did write poem about politics, in the expression of a neat style while incorporating the ancient poems poetry-Story. Another wonderful poet must be introduced is Su Shi. He created a lot of marvelous poems and taught many students, For instance, all of Huang Ting-jian, Zhang Lei, Chao Bu-zhi and Qin-guan were students of Su Shi. Especially Huang had the greatest impact on posterity-statement gave birth to a stream called Jiang Xi Shi Pai after. Then, to represent the sadness of the lose of North China and the lather of being oppressed in Gangnam were Chen Yu-yi, Ceng Ji and Lu Ben-zhong. Many poems of them had mentioned the sadness of losing kingdom and reflected the age. Among three, Chen Yu-yi, who respected Du-fu very much, had the most similar style with Du-fu that always criticized the problems of the country in his poems. Entering into the reign of Xiao Zong, poetry celebrated the heyday again as Southern Song Dynasty gained a certain extent of stability. The representatives of this period were Fan cheng-da, Yang wan-li and the best poet in Southern Songï ¼ Lu You. Lu You had been the top in Ke Ju, but because of Qin Xun, who was the grandson of Qin Gui, he could only be No.2. Until he died when he was 86, he had created 9000 poems which is a surprising amount. Followed by a period of peace since the end of the Xiao Zong period, the number of people read poems had increased significantly. Yong Jia Si Ling was the representative of this period and they were called Jiang Hu Pai. Yong Jia Si Ling included Xu Zhao, Xu Ji, Weng Jaun and Zhao Shi-xiu. At the Late-Southern Song period, Mongolias attack was intensifying day by day. And Wen Tian-xiang was the one who could mostly describe the sadness and lather of worrying the dynasty. Song of sanity was famous that giving a deep impression on posterity patriot. After the fall of the Southern Song dynasty, people who presented themselves, as remnants of the Song people even became the era of the original weave. They reminisced about the poem in the song of past days. The representatives in this period were Wang Yuan-liang, Xie Ao and Zheng Si-xiao. After introducing the poetry, I would like to introduce prose in Song dynasty. In the early Song, Pian Wen was the major form of poetry. However, Liu Kai, Wan Yu-cheng, Shi Jie and Fan Zhong-yan had claimed a return to the simple and spartan style that was used in Qin Han dynasty. Especially the Tai Xue Ti created by Shi Jie was even used as the form for exam. However, Tai Xue Ti was actually affected by Han Yu, who was using a form that was arduous to understand. In 1057, when Ouyang Xiu served as the examiner, he let some people like Su Zhe and Ceng Gong passed but failed the answer of Tai Xue Ti. As a result, the form of Ouyang Xiu and other people who had same thinking with him like Su Xin, Su Zhe, Su Shi, Wang An-shi and Ceng Gong, that means Tang Song Ba Da Jia became the major form. Even in the same category of Guwen, Ouyang Xius guwen was described as Yin Rou while Han Yus was described as Yang Gang. Although Ou was lack of inflection, his writing was plain, clear and easy to understand. Therefore, even in Southern Song period, the form of guwen basically still followed Ous form. Thus, we can say that Ou Yang-shiu should be the most momentous person of prose in Song dynasty. Then, I would like to introduce Ci. Northern Song Ci prosperity was largely taken over five generations. Ren Zong period and its after was the true prosperity period. The representatives of this period were Yan Shu, Ouyang Xiu, Zhang Xian, Liu Yong and the like. Especially the last two had opened a new field of Ci. Ci included mundane things since Zhang wrote daily things in Ci. Also, after Liu Yong, a form called Slow Ci also became famous not only among civilians but also the literati. The most important person in the Shen Zong period was Su Shi. Su Shi formed a friendship with Zhang when he was appointed to Hangzhou as passing judgment, and was greatly affected by Zhang. Su Shi genius did not stop there, but picked a theme, such as the Battle of Red Cliff in Three Kingdoms, which was a topic that did not appear in the traditional Ci. By this, he opened a new frontier of Ci. In the Hui Zong period, Zhou Bang-yan had done the culmination of the Ci. Zhou was good at music, so was ord ered to set up the music departments Da Cheng Fu. Zhou had extremely large effect that Zhou derived almost all of Southern Song Ci writers. The style of Zhous Ci was described as Hun Hou He Ya. Another person should be mentioned is Li Qing-zhao, who was a female Ci writer. She intensived colloquial expression, emotional expression was also characterized by delicate feminine. In the Southern Song dynasty, Ci had change a lot by entering into the Old Southern area, which was a place Ci was being famous. The representatives of this period should be Xin Qi-ji and Jiang Kui. As Xin supported occurring war against Jin, he was unfortunate for spicy. His Ci was similar to Su Shi and both of them were called Hao Fang Pai and also Su Xin, which is a simplified name by taking their surnames. On the contrary, Jiang Kui inherited the style of Zhou Bang-yan that his Ci was very elegant. Although Jiang did not want to be official, he could still form relationships with many officials by his Ci. Finally, in the late Southern Song period, Chinese Sanqu poetry had been the major instead of Ci as many Ci had been changed to something about the lost of kingdom. It was better to sing with melody but not just by reading words. Thus, Ci started being long forgotten since the fall of Song dynasty. The last thing I would like to introduce is History of Song dynasty. The most representative history book written in Song period must be Zizhi Tongjian, which is a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography, published in 1084, in the form of a chronicle, by Sima Guang. Besides Zizhi Tongjian, there were also other historical books like Bo Gu Tu by Lu Da-lin and Xuan He Bo Gu Tu Lu by Hui Zong. It should also be mentioned that epigraphy, which is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers, was started by Ouyang Xiu. Ouyang Xiu collected all the epigraphs and editd them as Ji Gu Lu. Therefore, history was also a remarkable point of Song culture history. Last but not least, the significance of Song dynasty in Chinese History will be talked about in the follows. First I would like to talk about the significance of Song culture in Chinese History. About the Song Ci, Ci had established music literature, or we would say that Chinese music was started by Ci. Many literati had participated in the writing of the word and they were even called Hao Fang Pai. From a literary point of view, Hao Fang Pai had created a new kind of Ci. Xin Qi-ji also engaged in the writing of the patriotic words; but from the musical point of view, Ci written by Hao Fang Pai caused the deviation of Ci. Because the scores of Ci was generally Qian Zhen Di Chang and Chou Mou Wan Zhuan, such as Nian Nu Jiao, it expressed the amiability of prostitutes by music. However, this kind of music was obviously different with Su Shis creation Da Jian Dong Qu by using the Cipai. Unfortunately, Ci scores now had basically lost, but the Ci had created an important mode of music, had a significant impact on the development of drama. From the Yuan Dynasty to Modern Peking Opera and local opera, the basic mode was to write Ci by fixed scores. People often called Ci as Song Ci, of course, it means people have marked the Song as the highest level of Ci of this literary genre. Then about prose, after the beginning of Song Dynasty, prose became popular and almost been handed down till now. For instance, Tang Song Ba Da Jia included 6 people of Song Dynasty. As Chinese characters seem like square, the most suitable genre to express the beauty of words should roughly be Parallel Prose, ancient poems and couplets. Parallel Prose should not be totally rejected, but the Guwen was undoubtedly more freely and fully express ideas and depicted on the analysis things comparing to Parallel Prose. Overall, Song prose achievement was greater than the Tang Dynasty. About History, Song Dynasty was the heyday of Chinese History. Many history books were edited by the official. Some history new genre was created. In addiction, the realm of history expanded from the compiling of geography and chronicles to epigraphy. The epigraphy pioneered by Song was the forerunner of modern archeology. All these, and also the great lengthy books, historians achievements of Song was great and it is enough to override the Han and Tang Dynasties, even can be arrogant to the Ming and Qing. Then I would like to introduce other significance of Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty formated a new social class structure. The old social class structure in mid-steps of the Tang Dynasty like Gentry Clans and Jun Tian households, slaves capacity, ragtag, Fan Carpenter and slaves changed to the Song Dynasty bureaucratic landlord and Tian Ke of, above and under group of village, poor-employed Carpenter, and employed Carpenter, human and women to make a new social class structure. This is a major change of the internal class relations of ancient Chinese society. This is an adjustment of the social relations of production. This change gradually affirmed by the law. After the down of late Tang emperor and the total collapse of the Shi Zhu polity, the Song Dynasty established the Centralization, Autonomy. This actually already pointed out that the status of the Song Dynasty in Chinese history, which means it was a continue to develop the new period following the middle of the Tang Dynasty. Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, not only the social and economic development was on the basis of the conventionalism of the Song Dynasty, their political system and some of its iconic prominent social phenomenon was also emerging as early as the Song Dynasty. For instance, Chu Rui-xi indicated that Ming and Qing eight-legged essay prototype was started from Song. Also, Li Hong-qi thought that Ming Qing Ju Rens benefits and privileges has existed in the Song Dynasty. These phenomenas are still many, just because we cant research the all. Such as the country of residence of the Ming and Qing dynasties and fame, who are extremely similar to the official and on behalf of the local forces, but actually they are just normal people, had been appeared in Northern Song Dynasty and in the Southern Song Dynasty, the number was even greater. Taixue in Song dynasty and local counties, colleges of boom. Among them, College influence in particular. In Shen Zong period, Taixue triple care law, that is, homes on residential care homes and rounded down and upgrade system, which is the first in the history of China and even the whole world education, in fact, pioneer of modern education classification system. Northern Song dynasty on the previous-generations Education Division has been developed, in addition to Taixue, establishing martial arts, law, medicine, programme, as well as calligraphy, painting, although not enough attention to other subjects, but is undoubtedly higher education branch of green shoots. Thanks to the development of printing, such as the Chinese surnames, of the thousand character classic spelling book series of popular education larger than the former was popular in the Song dynasty, there have been many urban and rural areas dedicated teachers, many districts use year organizing winter study. Educational achievement in the song at the same time, should also be noted that, starting from the Northern Song dynasty, completed the study of imperial examination, education and Trinity together, thus education features simply, narrowly linked to career, which gave birth to Chinese education towards backward factors. The golden age of Chinese ancient science and technology development was the Song dynasty. Known in the four great inventions of ancient China, compass, printing and gunpowder was the three main application and development of the Song dynasty. Shen Kuo is the main representative figures of science and technology in the Song dynasty. His scientific achievements are manyremarkable. Northern Song dynasty had two famous Supernova records in the history of astronomy. The astronomical clock tower and armillary sphere were great. Others such as Agronomy, agricultural technology, architecture also had notable achievements. Beginning of the Northern Song dynasty, people almost build a large pontoon bridge across the Yangtze River, history of bridge initiative. The view was expressed that study the history of science, must focus on the continuity of scientific development, which means people constantly added to the predecessors on the basis of results, just as it is in the history of science. From this point of view, the ancient Chinese science could be mainly divided to mathematics and medicine, which has connection to the fact that there were medical school in Song dynasty. Mathematics achievement was great in the Song dynasty, but had no impact on modern mathematics. Unique theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine is well received by the influence of ancient philosophy. Medical theories had new development in the Song and Jin dynasties period, and forensic books even occurred. Medical Branch at the time of the Northern Song dynasty was already similar to the branches of modern medicine. The Jin people did not know medical, so medicine of Jin should be the continuation of the Northern Song dynasty medicine and development. The meridian of the body mechanisms and Qi Gong was the oriental important scientific endeavor, even though so far we havent been able to resolve modern exact sciences. Making bronze and correlated with acupuncture and moxibustion in Song dynasty medical books was a landmark progress of acupuncture and moxibustion. Different from ancient mathematics, Chinese traditional medicine is still benefiting the Chinese nation, and make a greater contribution to human health. Thus, we can say that the Song Culture History is an important and momentous page of Chinese History. Although Song may not be a perfect dynasty, it still has its significance among the 2000 years Chinese History. References [1] Toktoghan and Alutu, History of Song (Zhonghua Book Company, 1977) [2] Pratt, Keith L. and Richard Rutt. (1999). Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. Surrey: Curzon Press [3] Hargett, James M. Some Preliminary Remarks on the Travel Records of the Song Dynasty (960–1279), Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) (July 1985): 67–93. [4] Needham, Joseph. (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 1, Introductory Orientations. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd. [5] Bol, Peter K. The Rise of Local History: History, Geography, and Culture in Southern Song and Yuan Wuzhou, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (2001) [6] D.C.M. Platt, Finance, Trade and Politics in British Foreign Policy 1815-1914 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968), p. 281. [7] Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais, James B. (2006), East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Boston: Houghton Mifflin [8] Twitchett, Denis and Paul Jakov Smith (ed.). 2009. Cambridge History of China: Vol. 5 Part One: TheSung Dynasties and its Precursors, 907-1279. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [9] Franke, Herbert and Dennis Twitchett (ed.). 1994. Cambridge History of China: Vol. 6 , Alien Regimes and Border States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [10] Uno Naoto, Kanshi no Rekishi (Touhou Shoten, 2005) [11] Maeno Chokuakira, Chugoku Bunkashi (Tokyo Daigaku Shubankai, 1975) [12] Murakami Satoshiken, Soushi no Sekai (Asia Books 50, Taishukan Shoten, 2002) [13] Kojima Tsuyoshi, Soumana no Keisei to Tenkai (Soubusha, 1999) [14] Mizoguchi Yuzou, Maruyama Matsusachi, Ikeda Tomohisa, Chugoku Shisou Bunka Jiten (Tokyo Daigaku Shubankai, 2001) [15] Chen Yinke, Chen Yin Ke Wen Ji Volume 2 (Shanghai: Shanghai Guji Publishment, 1980) [16] Chu Ruixi, Song Yuan Shi Dai de Shi Wen (Li Shi Yan Jiu, 1990) [17] Li Hongqi, Song Dai de Ju Renï ¼Å½Guo Ji Song Shi Yan Tu Hui Lun Wen Ji (Taipei: China Culture University, 1988)

Cooperative Learning Essay examples -- Teaching Education

Cooperative Learning During the weekend I spent learning about the theories and structures of cooperative learning, I was captivated by five components of cooperative learning. I intend to use these five in my own classroom. They begin with the introduction games Pleased to Meet You and Knotting Acquaintance followed by the creation of base groups and finally STAD and TGT. These are five basic, yet exciting ways to use cooperative groups in the classroom. I will use the first two introduction games at the start of the school year, because students are nervous about the start of school and these games are great for breaking the ice. I would start with the pleased to meet you form. This gets students talking amongst one another and opens the door for the new students to see that they have things in common with their new peers. Once they have had ample time to complete the questionnaire I would have them take a seat and tell me about some of the common traits they shared. After we spent a few minutes talking about the importance of working as a team and learning to count or your partners we would work through the Knotting Acquaintance activity. This would show me who the leaders were, who the analyzers were and who was simply going to follow the others. This is another activity that will help the new students become a part of the group. By feeling comfortable in the classroom the new students will feel less shock about being in a new sc hool and will assimilate t...

Adhering to various articles of the uniform code of military justice Essay

Today’s Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice is the result of a long history of advances in the rights of military personnel in which duty, obligation, and consequences are spelled out. It is the responsibility of every member of the armed services to keep this in mind and to embrace the Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice as a guide for appropriate behavior. The precursors to the Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) include the Articles of War (1912-1920), The Elston Act (1948), and The Morgan Draft of 1949, each of which significantly furthered the rights of military personnel while securing the equitable application of justice (Articles of War; Elston Act; Uniform Code of Military Justice). Given the long history of the UCMJ, and the number of revisions that have taken place in order to create the modern Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, military personnel should remember and respect the efforts that were put forth to ensure their protections while serving in the military. All personnel should value the efforts of their predecessors by acting in accordance with the Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. As a dedicated soldier in the Military of the United States of America, it is my duty to adhere to the Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice so that I might best represent myself, my Company, and my Country, and I failed in this duty on October XX, 2006 when I did not report to a special work detail. This was an unfortunate event that I should have avoided, and having reflected on the situation, I see that I erred in several respects. In the future, I shall avoid repeating such actions as it is not my intent to perform or reflect poorly on the military, my fellow soldiers, or myself. Although I failed to report to the special work detail, and violated a number of the Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, it was not my intent to ignore my duties or act in a manner that, in retrospect, might be viewed as a lack of effort and dedication on my part as well as, perhaps, being viewed as a general disrespect for my fellow officers. I offer no excuse; however, it is my hope that a brief explanation of the situation will show that I did attempt to fulfill my obligations and that I now understand that my actions should have been different. On October XX, 2006, I made an error by arriving to the designated special work detail location one hour in advance of the actual starting time; this error on my part was due to a simple miscommunication. While the miscommunication itself was an event that was primarily out of my control, my actions following my early arrival could have been different. Instead of making every effort to assure that I was at the correct location and had reported at the correct time, I simply returned home. This was not the best choice, and I regret having erred in this way. I compounded this initial error in judgment by assuming that shortly after leaving the special work detail site that I would be contacted via telephone and informed about where and when I was actually to report. This phone call never came, and I made yet another poor choice in not following up on this on my own. Having thought my actions over, I see clearly that as a member of the armed services, I may be faced with occasional miscommunications. I am aware, now, that it is my responsibility to (when possible and appropriate) confirm my assignments with my fellow soldiers to avoid such miscommunications, and if faced with a situation as was the case on October XX, 2006, it is my duty to do everything in my power to ascertain what my obligations are. The Uniform Code of Military Justice can be viewed as â€Å"the foundation for the United. States military justice system,† and as a member of the Armed Forces, it is important that I respect and follow the Code’s Articles without fail (Index & Legislative History of the UCMJ). I showed poor judgment and an overall lack of respect for myself and my fellow soldiers on October XX, 2006 when I failed to report for a special work detail. This was a failure on my part that occurred as a result of a series of poor choices that I made, and I regret having acted in this manner. When I did not appear for the special work detail on October XX, 2006, I violated several Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, and in so doing, I did not do my best in representing myself, my Company, or my Country. I am well aware that there are no valid excuses for my actions, and I intend to do my best not to exhibit further incidents of poor judgment. It is my goal to perform my duties at all times to the best of my abilities, and in a manner that reflects positively on me, my Company, and the United States of America. Violating any of the Articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice contradicts my intentions, and I regret my actions. Missing the special work detail on October XX, 2006 means I failed to appear at my appointed place of duty at the appointed time which was a violation of Article 86 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Absence Without Leave (Powers, Article 86). This action was not appropriate, and I should have made every effort to ascertain when and where I was to have reported. Special work details are a regular part of a soldier’s responsibilities, and by not reporting on October XX, 2006, I let myself and my company down. Obviously, my not being present meant the other members of my work detail had to take up the slack for my not being present: they became responsible for performing my share of the work. This is contrary to my training, and it is contrary to my duties as a soldier. I realize that as a member of a team, my role is one that I must take seriously, and I cannot let the other members of my team down or threaten my team’s ability to succeed by failing to uphold my portion of any given task. This is what happened on October XX, 2006, when I failed to report to the special work detail. This was an action I regret, and one I hope not to repeat. The United States Military relies on each and every one of its members to report to duty fully prepared to perform and in a manner timely enough to perform as required, and because each soldier depends on his fellow soldiers, it is important that no one be absent without leave. It is also possible that one soldier’s failure to report makes more difficult or prevents the ability of other members of his Squad, Platoon, or Company to perform their assigned tasks, and this could create a number of negative consequences that do not reflect well on anyone. I understand that my failing to report where I was required to do so and when I was required to do so on October XX, 2006 when I missed the special work detail was a violation of Article 86 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Absence Without Leave, and that this showed a lapse in judgment which should not be repeated in the future. I intend to avoid further violations of this Article as I understand that this failure reflects poorly on the United States of America, the Military, my Squad, Platoon, or Company, and myself. Special work details are often assigned as part of my obligations as a soldier, and by choosing not to report on October XX, 2006, I failed to obey the order of a superior commissioned officer which is a violation of Article 90 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Willfully Disobeying a Superior Commissioned Officer (Powers, Article 90). This was disrespectful, and I regret my actions. I am well aware of the importance of following orders, and it was not my intent to fail to do so. The importance of the Chain of Command cannot be over-emphasized. Each member of a Squad, a Platoon, or a Company must know his role and fulfill it without fail. The Chain of Command provides an easy means by which individuals can work together towards a shared goal while avoiding undue confusion whether completing tasks that are simple or completing tasks that are extremely complex. Superior officers give orders to those under their command to ensure that shared goals are met based on the appropriate and necessary actions of their subordinate personnel. I did not fulfill my role, and in failing to do so, I let myself and those who depend on me down, and I may have cast doubt on whether or not others can rely on me in the future. In addition, my inaction in this situation most likely created a hardship on the other members of my Squad, Platoon, Company by requiring that they do extra work. I understand that my failure to follow the orders of a superior was inappropriate, and not in the best interests of myself or my fellow soldiers, and that further violations of Article 90 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Willfully Disobeying a Superior Commissioned Officer are not in my best interest. Having thought about this, I see clearly that I should have done everything in my power to fulfill my obligations and to avoid the appearance of disrespecting my superior officer by failing to report as ordered. I failed to appear at my appointed place of duty when I missed a special work detail on October XX, 2006. This was a violation of Article 92 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Failure to Obey an Order or a Regulation (Powers, Article 92). This was an error on my part that I regret and intend to avoid in the future. As a proud and dedicated member of the United States’ Armed Services, I do not have the luxury of deciding whether or not I will abide by an order or a regulation. My job is not to decide whether or not I want to do something; my job is to do what I am ordered to do when I am ordered to do it. It is my responsibility to understand that I play a role in a team, and that my failing to perform my part of a task assigned to the team I am a part of puts all members of that team at risk of failing. In failing to report to the special work detail on October XX, 2006, I let myself and my fellow soldiers down, and I showed poor judgment. Every Company needs order, and the surest way to ensure that individuals come together to form a cohesive group is to establish regulations that must be followed. By failing to report to my special work detail on October XX, 2006, I jeopardized the cohesion of my group, and I brought into question the degree to which I might be relied upon in the future. After thinking about my actions and the effect that my lack of following through had, I regret not having done more to ensure that I knew where and when I was supposed to report on October XX, 2006. I understand that my failure to report to the special work detail on October XX, 2006 was equivalent to failing to obey an order and reflected poorly on myself and my fellow service members, and that violating Article 92 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Failure to Obey an Order or a Regulation does not cast me in a positive light. Because it is my desire to perform all of my duties to the best of my abilities, I regret my actions and hope not to repeat a similar error. My failing to report to the special work detail on October XX, 2006 was in flagrant disregard of good order and discipline and was detrimental to the overall well-being of the command with which I am associated. This was a violation of Article 133 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Conduct Unbecoming an Officer and a Gentleman (Powers, Article 133). I now see clearly that missing my assigned task was an error in judgment on my part, and I intend to do everything in my power to avoid a repeat of this error. As a dedicated representative of the United States of America, it is my duty, my responsibility, and my desire to conduct myself in a manner that represents me, my command, and my country in the most positive light possible. When I missed the special work detail on October XX, 2006, I shed negative light on all facets of the Military, and I regret this. Military Units function best when all of their members work in unison towards a common goal, and my missing the special work detail on October XX, 2006 reflects a lack of discipline and an unwillingness to keep good order, both of which are detrimental to my well-being and that of the members of my Company as well as violating Article 133 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Conduct Unbecoming an Officer and a Gentleman. It is not my intent to tarnish the image of the Military of the United States of America, and as a representative of the Armed Forces, my failing to report to the special work detail on October XX, 2006 did just that. This is an action I regret. I neglected my duty to the prejudice of good order and discipline in the Armed Forces when I chose to miss the special work detail on October XX, 2006. This action constituted a violation of Article 134c of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Disorder and Neglect to the Prejudice of Good Order and Discipline (Powers, Article 134c). It also created a hardship to my fellow soldiers and threatened the proper, timely completion of the task at hand. This discipline of a soldier is only truly challenged when he is faced with a duty he does not want to perform. Because the good order of a Squad, a Platoon, or a Company often depends on the discipline of each of its individual members, it is imperative that every single soldier practices good discipline at all times, especially when circumstances challenge what he wants to do with what he must do. When one soldier fails to put his personal desires aside, it shows a lack of respect towards his fellow soldiers, and it may have the additional adverse effect of tempting others to disobey orders as well. Having thought about my actions, I see that my failing to report on October XX, 2006 did just this, and I regret my actions and the effect they may have had on others. I understand that my actions do not reflect well on my desire to uphold good order or discipline, that they cast a negative light on me and my Company, and that further violations of Article 134c of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Disorder and Neglect to the Prejudice of Good Order and Discipline are not in my best interest. It is my intent to keep this in mind and in the future, to act with a greater degree of appropriate decision-making. I fully appreciate the historical significance of today’s Uniform Code of Military Justice, and my responsibility as a proud and dedicated member of the United States Armed Services to adhere to its Articles. I understand that my actions on October XX, 2006 when I failed to report to my special work detail appears to be an indication on my part of a lack of respect for the UCMJ, the basis of the military justice system, and that in skipping my special work detail on October XX, 2006, I violated Article 86 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Absence Without Leave; Article 90 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Willfully Disobeying a Superior Commissioned Officer; Article 92 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Failure to Obey an Order or a Regulation; Article 133 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Conduct Unbecoming an Officer and a Gentleman; and Article 134c of the Uniform Code of Military Justice: Disorder and Neglect to the Prejudice of Good Order and Discipline. Having taken time to reflect upon my actions, I see clearly that regulations are in place to assist me, as a soldier, in performing my duties in the manner that best suits me individually and my fellow soldiers as a whole, and that in failing to report to my special work detail on October XX, 2006, I let myself and those who count on me down. This lapse in judgment reflects poorly on me, on my Company, and on the United States of America, and I intend to avoid any similar events in my future, so that I might reflect the attitude of the proud, dedicated soldier that I am to those with whom I serve. R eferences Articles of War (1912-1920). , The In Military Legal Resources.Library of Congress. U. S. Govt. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://www. loc. gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/AW-1912-1920. html. Elston Act (1948), The. In Military Legal Resources. Library of Congress. U. S. Govt. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://www. loc. gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/ Elston_act. html. Index & Legislative History of the UCMJ (1950). In Military Legal Resources. Library of Congress. U. S. Govt. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://www. loc. gov/rr/ frd/Military_Law/index_legHistory. html. Pound, Edward T. (2002, December 16). Creating a code of justice. History. U. S. News & World Report. Retrieved August 30, 2006 from http://www.usnews. com/usnews/ news/articles/021216/16justice. b. htm. Powers, Rod. Punitive Articles of the UCMJ: Article 86—Absence without leave. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://usmilitary. about. com/od/punitivearticles/a/mcm86. htm. Powers, Rod. Punitive Articles of the UCMJ: Article 90—Assaulting or willfully disobeying superior commissioned officer. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://usmilitary. about. com/od/punitivearticles/a/mcm86. htm. Powers, Rod. Punitive Articles of the UCMJ: Article 92—Failure to obey order or regulation. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://usmilitary. about. com/od/punitivearticles/ a/mcm92. htm. Powers, Rod. Punitive Articles of the UCMJ: Article 133—Conduct unbecoming an officer and gentleman. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://usmilitary. about. com/od/ punitivearticles/a/mcm133. htm. Powers, Rod. Punitive Articles of the UCMJ: Article 134—General article. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://usmilitary. about. com/od/punitivearticles/a/134. htm. Uniform Code of Military Justice; Text, References and Commentary Based on the Report of the Committee on a Uniform Code of Military Justice to the Secretary of Defense [the Morgan Draft] (1949). In Military Legal Resources. Library of Congress. U. S. Govt. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from http://www. loc. gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/morgan. html.

Marital Paradigm Essay

I grew up in a joint family in India, which had 3 married couple and their kids. Marital relationships that I saw in my family were not great but not bad either. All the men used to work in the family business and the women used to take care of the children and the house. Many times my parents used to fight and my dad used to scream at my mom, but my mom never had the guts to say anything to him. I always saw that my mom was scared of him and I used to question myself why doesn’t she reply back. And being a girl myself I used to think that probably girls cant say anything when theirs husband are screaming at them. I used to talk to my mom and tell her why cant she reply back, but I never really got an answer. I always saw my mom as the weaker one in the relationship. On the other hand we had a family friend and both husband wife used to work as college professors. In their house the husband never screamed at the wife, I am sure they had conflicts but you could totally see the respect that he gave to his wife. When I grew a little bit older my mom started telling me how she felt. That was when she told me that she was a housewife and my dad was the one who earned in the family and thus he could talk like that to my mom. My dad always dominated her as he is the man of the family and is the one responsible for all the decisions of the family. And this was not only my parents I 4saw this trend throughout my family with the other two couples as well. Certain assumptions that I saw in the relationships were that even if it was my dad’s fault, my mom always had to be the first one to apologize. Also since my mom is eight years younger than my dad I saw that my dad didn’t really understand her and took her for granted at times. Bring the older one he tried to impose certain things on her. I also saw that if I tried to calm down my dad he didn’t like it as I was a child and I should not be involved in their matters. This training has had a lot of impact on my relationships. As I always saw my mom being dominated by my dad, I didn’t want that to happen with me. When I grew up I had certain things very clear in my mind. I wanted to be educated enough so that I can earn myself and have a good job, so I never dependent on my husband for anything. For that reason I came to USA and decided to study here. In my past relationships, I made it very clear to my artners that my career is more important than anything in my life and I wouldn’t leave it for anyone. I was also very clear about anyone screaming at me. Since I saw my mom always being screamed at and I always hated it. Also I have certain things straight for my future. I want my husband to understand that I will not stop working and be a housewife, so that later I have to dependent on him. I want him to respect my decisions and me. Many times I have seen that the women of the house are not asked to contribute in family matters, and I think that is not right at all. So I want to have a relationship where we both contribute in the family matters and come to a conclusion together. I am not yet married but I think the things I have in mind for my marital relationship are very clear. According to the book women still do two-third of the household work. I think if women can earn like men do, then men should work the same like women. I think my idea of marriage is based on a simple rule, which is to give the amount of resect you get. And I think it is pretty healthy because if two people cannot respect each other for what they are then they cannot be together for long. Moreover I have been taught marriage is not only about two people, but it is about two families that get together. And I expect my husband to respect and get along with my family as being the only child I think my parents are my responsibility and will always be. Thus whoever marries me has to understand the importance of my parents in my life, and on the other hand I want to be comfortable with his family too. I also feel that at times girls tend to be too clingy with their partners, and I think that is one reason why guys get irritated. Therefore I would like to give space to my husband when he needs and expect the same from him. Some people might think that this is being stupid but I know I wouldn’t like if my husband gets over protective about me, and the same way I don’t want to be over protective about him. I know it’s not easy to be with a person like me who is over ambitious. And at times it can be a problem for guys to see the girl so much into her work, and for me my career has always been more important than anything. I think this can be a problem when I get married, because at times it has been a problem for my boyfriends to understand my passion about my work. This is something I want to work on as most of the times guys don’t understand this. Also I like the idea of peer marriage as in a marriage where both people respect each other equally and understand each other’s likes and dislikes it becomes easier to be together. According to the book faithfulness is the number one reason for marital success. And I totally agree with this, even if the physical relationship between two people is not that good, if they both are faithful to each other nothing can separate them. My parents have not only taught me to be faithful but I also have seen this in their relationship. Even though my father was dominating my mother, they are still together. This is because no one of them was unfaithful to the other. Also I think from a few years the fights between my parents reduced I think this happened because they saw that I am a grown up now and all this might affect my thoughts about marriage. Children are a big reason why two people stay together even if they don’t want to. But I think that’s not right. I don’t want my husband to be with me just because of our children, because that’s doing a favor to our relationship. I would like us to be together because we make each other happy not because of a third reason. I am brought up in a culture where non-marital sex is not accepted. And these values are embedded inside me. I know now a days girls have sex when they are 14 years of age, but I am 21 years old and I am still a virgin. Being in USA and telling your boyfriend that you wont have sex with him because of your culture is not easy. Many times people judge my beliefs but that has not affected me at all. I want my husband to respect my beliefs and understand where I am coming from. Because for me a relationship is not only about getting physical, there is a lot more to it, and what I have heard and seen around me is that guys only want to get physical. I know according to the book sex is the second reason why marriages work. But for me it is not. I am not against sex at all, but I don’t want my marriage to be dependent on it. Book talks about homogamous marriage, which is a type of marriage in which spouses share their race, ethnicity, age, or social class. Basically a marriage where the two people have something in common. Obviously my parents want me to get married to a guy from the same caste and I agree with them. Because I think if the guy is familiar with my religion, my caste, and my society there is better change of understanding between both of us. In a nutshell I want a marriage where we both can share our happiness, and problems with each other without any problem. A relationship where I get the same respect that I give to the other person.